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POPULATION BIOLOGY OF AN HERBIVOROUS LADY BEETLE

草食性瓢虫的种群生物学

基本信息

批准号：
04640616
负责人：
OHGUSHI Takayuki
金额：
$ 1.34万
依托单位：
HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1992
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1992 至 1993
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The adaptive significance of the timing of oviposition in the thistle-feeding lady beetle Epilachna niponica was investigated at two localities (site A and Site F) in the northwestern part of Shiga Prefecture, central Japan. I followed cohorts produced over a season and measured four components of lifetime fitness : egg survival, larval survival, female adult survival from emergence to the reproductive season in the following year, and lifetime fecundity. Large variation in lifetime fitness was evident among cohorts within a population, but the two local populations showed a clear difference in patterns of cohort fitness. At site A, cohorts produced early in a season had higher lifetime fitness than later cohorts, whereas at site F, later cohorts tended to have higher lifetime fitness.The major causes of these between-site differences were seasonal variation in intensity of egg and larval mortalities fue to arthropod predation and host plant deterioration. Field observations revealed a significant difference in oviposition phenology between the two sites : early reproduction at site A and delayd reproduction at site F.The relatively longer reproductive life-span of females was responsible for the prolonged reproduction at site F.Results of a laboratory experiment which eliminated environmental variables agreed with the field observations, and suggested a genetic basis for the oviposition schedules. Correlation of reproductive pattern at each site with higher lifetime fitness of offspring suggests selection on the timing of oviposition to improve the lifetime reproductive success of females.

在日本中部滋贺县西北部的两个地点（地点 A 和地点 F）调查了以蓟为食的瓢虫 Epilachna niponica 产卵时间的适应性意义。我跟踪了一个季节内产生的群体，并测量了终生健康的四个组成部分：卵存活率、幼虫存活率、雌性成虫从羽化到下一年繁殖季节的存活率以及终生繁殖力。一个人群中的不同群体之间的终生健康状况存在很大差异，但两个当地人群的队列健康状况模式存在明显差异。在地点 A，季节早期产生的群体比后期群体具有更高的终生适应性，而在地点 F，后期群体往往具有更高的终生适应性。这些地点之间差异的主要原因是由于节肢动物捕食和寄主植物退化而导致的卵和幼虫死亡率的季节性变化。现场观察发现，两个地点的产卵物候存在显着差异：A地点的早期繁殖和F地点的延迟繁殖。雌性相对较长的生殖寿命是F地点延长繁殖的原因。消除环境变量的实验室实验结果与现场观察结果一致，并提出了产卵时间表的遗传基础。每个地点的繁殖模式与后代较高的终生健康度的相关性表明，选择产卵时间以提高雌性的终生繁殖成功率。