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Revision of food web theory : feedback loops enhancing biodiversity

食物网理论修订：反馈循环增强生物多样性

基本信息

批准号：
15207003
负责人：
OHGUSHI Takayuki
金额：
$ 25.21万
依托单位：
Kyoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Although predation has a lethal effect on prey, mature terrestrial plants are rarely killed by herbivores, but herbivory can change plant allelochemistry, cell structure and growth, physiology, morphology, and phenology. This project explored the herbivore-induced indirect effects mediated by such plant responses following herbivory in terrestrial systems. We found that herbivore-induced indirect effects are ubiquitous in many plant-herbivore systems, and indirect interactions occur among temporally separated, spatially separated, and taxonomically distinct herbivore species. Unlike interspecific competition, herbivores can benefit each other through plant-mediated indirect effects. Herbivore-induced changes in plants occur at low levels of herbivory, which increases the likelihood of plant-mediated indirect interactions between herbivores. The herbivore-induced indirect effects result in interaction linkages, which alter species richness and abundance in arthropod communities. Such interaction linkages should be depicted using indirect interaction webs, which incorporate nontrophic, indirect links. The idea of interaction linkages by herbivore-induced indirect effects, that shape community organization and biodiversity, is an important revision of the traditional view of plant-based terrestrial food webs. We also proposed a new indirect interaction web approach in linking direct and indirect interactions to biodiversity in terrestrial systems

尽管捕食对猎物具有致死作用，成熟的陆生植物很少被食草动物杀死，但食草动物可以改变植物的化感化学、细胞结构和生长、生理、形态和物候。该项目探讨了陆生系统中食草动物引起的间接效应，这些效应由食草动物引起的植物反应介导。我们发现，草食动物诱导的间接效应是普遍存在的许多植物-草食动物系统，间接的相互作用发生在时间上分离，空间上分离，和分类上不同的草食动物物种。与种间竞争不同，食草动物可以通过植物介导的间接效应相互受益。草食动物引起的植物变化发生在低水平的草食动物，这增加了植物介导的草食动物之间的间接相互作用的可能性。食草动物引起的间接影响导致相互作用的联系，从而改变了节肢动物群落的物种丰富度和丰度。这种相互作用的联系应该用间接的相互作用网络来描述，它包含了非营养的间接联系。食草动物引起的间接影响的相互作用联系的想法，塑造社区组织和生物多样性，是对传统的植物为基础的陆地食物网的看法的重要修订。我们还提出了一种新的间接相互作用网络方法，将直接和间接相互作用与陆地系统的生物多样性联系起来