The Effect of Molecular Structure and Component Element on SOF Formation

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Exhaust particulate in diesel engines are affected by fuel properties. Especially alcohole fuels form less particulate on combustion, but the reason for this is not clear. To reduce particulate in the emissions of diesel engines it is important to understand the particulate formation process.This report investigates the thermal cracking and condensation polymerization process of alcohole and hydrocarbon fuels with different carbon number in nitrogen and nitrogen-oxygen mixed atmospheres using a thermal cracking appartus or fluid reaction tube. The cracking and condensation polymerization components as well as the oxidization components were analyzed with gas-chromatography.The results obtained in this investigation may be summarized as follows : Depending on the carbon number, hydrocarbon fuels into lower boiling point hydrocarbons followed by dehydrogenation and the formation of benzenering compounds through condensation polymerization. Alcohole fuels which contain oxygen atoms partially oxidize into aldehydes and some of these produces carbon monoxide and carbon dioxde and some lower boiling point hydrocarbons. Less condensation polymerization compounds such as benzene ring compounds form than with hydrocarbon fuels. in the presence of even traces of oxygen, the particulate volume decreases dramatically, because the condensation polymerization reaction is inhibited by some of the cracked products such as acetylene and ethylene which wied rich limit of inflammability is oxidized. The fuel introduced into the combustion chamber heats due to the compression temperature, and cracks into lower boiling point hydrocarbons. Benzene ring components are formed as a result of dehydrogenation and condensation polymerization. With the attachment of alkyl radicals the process progresses to form alkyl benzene and multiple ring compounds till the final SOF.