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中国・海南島及び広西省における少数民族・黎族・壯族の伝統的民居建築に関する調査研究

海南岛及广西黎族、布族传统民居建筑调查研究

基本信息

批准号：
04650577
负责人：
阿久井喜孝
金额：
$ 0.51万
依托单位：
Tokyo Denki University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1992
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1992 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

1調査研究の経過;'92年4月海南島、9月広西省を夫々約2週間計約三千粁車で走行、通訳と学生等4名を同伴し現地調査を実施した。帰国后実測図面の精書作成を進め、収集した文献資料を参照しつつ考察とまとめを行った。調査の対象とした少数民族は表記の黎族、壯族のほか海南島苗族、広西省瑶族、京族の計5族である。 2研究成果の概要;(1)作成資料として民家建築実測図(平断立面図及び部分詳細図等)約50枚余、撮影記録写眞三千余枚、中文文献資料若干を得た。(2)黎族民家;人口約60万、海南島の先住民族として最も古い歴史をもつ。湖南や広東にも少数分布するので古代以来大陸から移住してきた民族であるという説もある。民家の様式は切妻平屋で木造丸太の軸組を竹紐で緊結した小舞土壁葺茅の土間形態が普通だが古い様式の民家は床、壁共割竹を使用する高床の一室住居で床坐式生活を行う。古い竹造民家は船形屋ともいわれ長形ドーム状や半円筒型の独得の屋根を載せている。殻倉は高床で床天井に細竹を敷き並べ壁に竹の網代を組み内側を防虫防湿のため泥で塗り固めている。葺茅は日本と逆に穂先を下に向けて繩で固定している。(3)壯族民家;人口約1500万、広西省のほゞ全域に居住する。百越系由来の民族といわれる。周辺民族の影響や地型風土の差により民家型式は甚だ多様であるが、軸組、床壁共純木造で干欄吊脚貫構法の高床民家と、木造軸組・版築組積混構造で中庭をもつ三合院土間形式の民家に大別できる。(4)瑶族民家;人口約180万、狩獵民族的性格が濃く広西省東・北部の深い山地に住む。地域的に壯族同様二つの型式に大別できるが、中央堂子が二階吹抜けで天井採光になっている点等独得の型式がみられる。東部では木造軸組を除き床や壁屋根造作のすべてが竹造の三階建竹楼もみられるし伊勢の原型ともみられる棟特柱をもつ高床校倉も多数存在する。本研究の結果各民族の特長を明らかに確認し得た。

1. The investigation was carried out by four colleagues, including students and tourists, in Hainan Island in April and Guangzhou Province in September 1992. The investigation was carried out in two weeks. After the completion of the survey, the preparation of fine books, collection of literature data, reference, investigation and implementation The investigation shows that there are five ethnic groups, namely Li, Zhuang, Miao in Hainan Island, Yao and Jing in Guangxi Province. 2. Summary of the research results: (1) Data preparation: more than 50 pieces of civil architecture survey (flat elevation, partial detail, etc.), more than 3,000 pieces of photographic records, some Chinese literature data obtained. (2)Li ethnic minority; population about 600,000, Hainan Island's first ethnic group and most ancient history. Hunan Province, a small number of distribution, since ancient times, the mainland has moved to live in the national minority. The style of the people's house is cut. The shaft group of the wooden house is cut. The bamboo knot is tightly connected. The shape of the earth wall is cut. The ancient style of the people's house is cut. The bamboo wall is cut. The high bed is used. The bed is seated. The ancient bamboo house was built in the shape of a boat. The house was long and cylindrical. The house was built in the shape of a boat. The shell warehouse has a high bed, a thin bamboo layer, and a wall. The bamboo layer has a net layer on the inner side, and the mud layer is coated with insects and moisture. The first step is to fix it. (3)Zhuang people; population of about 15 million, Guangxi Province, the whole region of residence. The origin of Baiyue is a nationality. The influence of the surrounding ethnic groups, the difference of the land type and the soil type, the type of the people's house, the type of the people's house. (4)Yao people's family; population about 1.8 million, hunting ethnic character is concentrated in the east and north of the western province and deep in the mountains live. The same type of Zhuang nationality in the region is different from that in the central hall. The second order blowing is different from that in the courtyard lighting. In the east, the wooden shaft group is divided into five parts, and the wall house root is divided into three parts. The bamboo building is divided into three parts. The prototype is divided into three parts. The special column is divided into three parts. The results of this study confirm the special characteristics of each ethnic group.