Cue-induced task preparation in task set switching: Adaptability to contextual demands

任务集切换中提示诱导的任务准备：对上下文需求的适应性

• 批准号: 441649657
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Markus Kiefer
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie III (Ulm)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/441649657?language=en
• 关键词: Cue; induced; task; preparation; set

Task cues are used to inform individuals about the nature of an upcoming task and to prompt task preparation. We previously showed mere presentation of task cues associated with a given task set to influence subsequent masked semantic priming and task switching effects. More specifically, cued, but not executed task sets were rapidly suppressed in preparation for an upcoming task. This task cue induced processing depended on contextual demands such as expectations of the requirements of task execution. The present project extends this previous work by elucidating in detail the dynamics of cue-induced processing in terms of flexibility (changes across contexts) and plasticity (changes during the course of one experimental session). Task cue-induced processing includes both task preparation and task set activation, but also possible subsequent task set inhibition in preparation for an upcoming task, if the cued task set is not executed. In this project, we will focus on task cue-induced processing specifically in task switching situations, because task switching is a suitable tool for investigating such changes in task preparation within a controllable framework. We assume cue-induced task processing to not proceed in an "all-or nothing" fashion, but to be flexibly adjusted according to contextual demands as well as to change during the course of an experiment. In eight experiments, we aim to test the context-dependence and adaptability of cue-induced task preparation processes within a task switching paradigm by addressing the following specific research questions: (i) We test whether cue-induced processing can be strategically withheld if not required (Experiments 1 and 2). (ii) We investigate whether cue-induced processing depends on expectations of task set switches vs. Repetitions (Experiments 3 and 4) and high vs. Low interference within the stimulus set (Experiments 5 and 6). (iii) We assess the gradual effects of expectations of task execution on task preparation induced by task cues by gradually varying requirements of task execution subsequent to cue presentation during the course of the experimental session (Experiments 7 and 8). To investigate task cue-induced processing, we will collect response times (RT) and error rates (ER), as well as brain electrical activity. With these lines of experiments, we expect to obtain important novel insights into the mechanisms and processes underlying cue-induced processing. In particular, we expect to elucidate the dynamics of cue-induced processing in terms of flexibility and plasticity. The results of this project are relevant for empirical and theoretical approaches to the adaptability of cognitive control in general and to that of task preparation in particular. Our findings could have also important implications for practical applications such as in human machine interaction, in which cues are used to signal upcoming system interventions.

任务提示用于告知个体即将到来的任务的性质并提示任务准备。我们以前只显示与一个给定的任务集相关的任务线索，影响随后的掩蔽语义启动和任务切换效果的介绍。更具体地说，提示，但没有执行的任务集迅速抑制，准备即将到来的任务。这种任务线索诱导的加工依赖于上下文的要求，如期望的任务执行的要求。本项目扩展了以前的工作，详细阐明了线索诱导处理的灵活性（跨上下文的变化）和可塑性（在一个实验会话过程中的变化）方面的动态。任务提示诱导的处理包括任务准备和任务集激活，但如果提示的任务集未被执行，则还可能包括为即将到来的任务做准备的后续任务集抑制。在这个项目中，我们将专注于任务线索诱导的处理，特别是在任务切换的情况下，因为任务切换是一个合适的工具，调查这种变化，在一个可控的框架内任务准备。我们假设线索诱导的任务处理不进行“全有或全无”的方式，但要灵活地调整，根据上下文的要求，以及在实验过程中的变化。在八个实验中，我们的目标是测试线索诱导的任务准备过程中的任务转换范式的上下文依赖性和适应性，解决以下具体的研究问题：（一）我们测试线索诱导的处理是否可以策略性地抑制，如果不需要（实验1和2）。(ii)我们研究线索诱导的处理是否取决于任务集切换与重复（实验3和4）以及刺激集中的高干扰与低干扰（实验5和6）的期望。(iii)我们评估的逐步影响的预期任务执行的任务准备诱导的任务线索逐渐变化的任务执行的要求后，提示介绍在实验过程中的会议（实验7和8）。为了研究任务线索诱导的处理，我们将收集反应时间（RT）和错误率（ER），以及脑电活动。通过这些实验，我们期望获得重要的线索诱导加工的机制和过程的新见解。特别是，我们希望阐明线索诱导加工的灵活性和可塑性方面的动态。该项目的结果是相关的认知控制的适应性，特别是任务准备的经验和理论方法。我们的研究结果也可能对实际应用产生重要影响，例如在人机交互中，线索被用来发出即将到来的系统干预信号。