Chemical analysis and risk assessment of inddor air pollutants

室内空气污染物的化学分析和风险评估

• 批准号: 04670321
• 负责人: KODAMA Yasushi
• 金额: $ 1.41万
• 依托单位: University of Occupational and Environmental Health
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1992 至 1994
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-04670321/
• 关键词: Indoor pollution; Nitrogen dioxide; heater; Personal exposure; formaldehyde; risk assessment; Exposure assessment; リスクアセスメンド; タバコ副流煙; 暖房機器; 多環芳香族炭化水素; 窒素酸化物; オゾン

Indoor pollution by chemical substances from kerosene heaters, building materials and cigarette smoke was investigated in an experimental model room, and a detached house. NO and NO_2 concentrations were measured every 30 seconds, and remarkably high concentrations of NO_2 and CO_2 were observed. The main source of the pollution was attributed to the use of kerosene heaters and gas heaters, which are commonly used for room heating in Japan. Especially, NO_2 concentration increased to the level of five or ten times higher than that of the upper limit of the environmental air quality standard in Japan (60ppb) under poor ventilating condition. HCHO concentration in rooms of a newly built house was between 400 and 1200 ppb, and it was still more than 100 ppb after one year of occupation. The personal exposure to the environmental NO_2, was investigated using a personal monitoring badge developed by Yanagisawa . A seasonal variation of exposure level was observed. There were no remarkable differences in NO_2 exposure between smokers and non-smokers. NO_2 exposure of kerosene heater users, which exceeded 60 ppb, was the highest. A clear relationship between personal exposure level to NO_2 and heating period was observed. NO_2 exposure level according to different occupations was also examined, and the exposure level of taxi drivers was found to be the highest.

对室内煤油加热器、建筑材料和香烟烟雾等化学物质对室内空气的污染进行了实验研究。每30秒测量一次NO和NO2浓度，并观察到非常高的NO2和CO2浓度。污染的主要来源是使用煤油加热器和燃气加热器，这两种加热器在日本通常用于房间取暖。尤其是在通风条件较差的情况下，NO_2浓度比日本环境空气质量标准的上限(60 Ppb)高出五到十倍。一栋新建房屋房间内的甲醛浓度在400-1200 ppb之间，入住一年后仍在100 ppb以上。使用柳泽研制的个人监测徽章调查了个人接触环境NO_2的情况。观察到暴露水平的季节性变化。吸烟者和非吸烟者的NO2暴露无显著差异。煤油加热器用户的NO_2暴露量最高，超过60 ppb。个体接触NO2水平与采暖时间有明显的相关性。不同职业的NO_2暴露水平也不同，出租车司机的暴露水平最高。

项目成果

Masahiro Yoshikawa: "Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in human lung tissue:In relation to cigarette smoke and lung cancer" Environmental Research. 65. 1-11 (1994)

Masahiro Yoshikawa：“人体肺组织中的芳基烃羟化酶活性：与香烟烟雾和肺癌的关系”环境研究。

Masahiro Yoshikawa: "Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxyylase activity in human lung tissue:In relation to cigarette smoke and lung cancer" Environmental Research. 65. 1-11 (1994)

Masahiro Yoshikawa：“人体肺组织中的芳基烃羟化酶活性：与香烟烟雾和肺癌的关系”环境研究。

児玉泰: "大気環境と人間" 教育と医学. 40. 27-33 (1993)

Yasushi Kodama：“大气环境与人类”教育与医学。 40. 27-33 (1993)

児玉泰: "“バッヂ"を使った暖房による空気汚染の測定調査" 健. 22. 54-57 (1994)

Yasushi Kodama：“使用‘徽章’测量供暖引起的空气污染” Ken. 22. 54-57 (1994)

児玉 泰: "「バッジ」を使った暖房による空気汚染の測定調査" 健. 22. 54-57 (1994)

Yasushi Kodama：“使用‘徽章’对供暖造成的空气污染进行测量” Ken 22. 54-57 (1994)