Chemical analysis and risk assessment of inddor air pollutants

在一个实验模型房间和一个独立式住宅中调查了煤油取暖器、建筑材料和香烟烟雾产生的化学物质对室内的污染。每隔30秒测量一次NO和NO_2浓度，观察到显著高浓度的NO_2和CO_2。污染的主要来源是使用煤油加热器和煤气加热器，这是日本常用的房间供暖。特别是在通风条件较差的情况下，NO_2浓度高达日本环境空气质量标准上限（60 ppb）的5 ~ 10倍。某新建住宅室内甲醛浓度在400 ~ 1200 ppb之间，入住一年后仍在100 ppb以上。采用柳泽等人研制的个人监测卡，对环境NO_2的个人暴露进行了调查。观察到接触水平的季节性变化。吸烟者与非吸烟者的NO_2暴露量无显著性差异。煤油取暖器使用者NO_2暴露量最高，超过60 ppb。NO_2暴露水平与采暖期有明显的关系。调查了不同职业人群的NO_2暴露水平，发现出租车司机的NO_2暴露水平最高。

Indoor pollution by chemical substances from kerosene heaters, building materials and cigarette smoke was investigated in an experimental model room, and a detached house. NO and NO_2 concentrations were measured every 30 seconds, and remarkably high concentrations of NO_2 and CO_2 were observed. The main source of the pollution was attributed to the use of kerosene heaters and gas heaters, which are commonly used for room heating in Japan. Especially, NO_2 concentration increased to the level of five or ten times higher than that of the upper limit of the environmental air quality standard in Japan (60ppb) under poor ventilating condition. HCHO concentration in rooms of a newly built house was between 400 and 1200 ppb, and it was still more than 100 ppb after one year of occupation. The personal exposure to the environmental NO_2, was investigated using a personal monitoring badge developed by Yanagisawa . A seasonal variation of exposure level was observed. There were no remarkable differences in NO_2 exposure between smokers and non-smokers. NO_2 exposure of kerosene heater users, which exceeded 60 ppb, was the highest. A clear relationship between personal exposure level to NO_2 and heating period was observed. NO_2 exposure level according to different occupations was also examined, and the exposure level of taxi drivers was found to be the highest.