Research on Early Signs of Autistic Disorders

以下两项研究旨在通过观察婴儿行为来提取自闭症障碍的早期征兆：1)使用检查表进行评估：采用24个项目的检查表对两组受试者进行评估：188例自闭症儿童(男孩146例，女孩42例；年龄为6.7岁)和正常对照组261例(男孩133例，女孩128例；年龄0.8岁)。Logistic回归分析将结果分为四个水平(I-IV)。I级项目与孤独症诊断的相关性最高，但IV级以下的行为在早期被认为具有深刻的意义。2)录像分析：对8例(男孩，初诊年龄：2；0-4；6岁)在注意到自闭症之前就可以获得家庭录像的病例进行录像评估，将记录分为三个时期(I期：0；0-0；6岁，II：0；7-1；0年，III期：1；1-2；0岁)。结果发现，社交障碍和情绪障碍在0；6岁之前就可以观察到，而在1；1岁之后，所有病例都被注意到。视听行为障碍从0~3岁开始出现，包括明显的知觉行为。这项研究为早期发现提供了一个有价值的钥匙，尽管与其他发育障碍和正常受试者的进一步比较分析是合理的。

The following two studies were conducted for extracting the early signs of autistic disorders through observation of infant behavior :1) Evaluation utilizing a check-list :A 24-item check-list was employed for evaluation of two groups of subjects : 188 cases of autistic children (146 boys, 42 girls ; 6.7<plus-minus>3.5 years), and 261 cases of normal control subjects (133 boys, 128 girls ; 1.8<plus-minus>0.8 years). The results were classified into four levels (I-IV) by Logistic Regresion Analysis. Items in Level I were the items with highest correlation to diagnoses of autism, but behavior falling under Level IV were regarded as holding deep significance in terms of the early si2) Analysis of video tape recordings :Video recording were evaluated in 8 cases (boys, age at first visit : 2 ; 0-4 ; 6 years) on whom home videos were available from before their disorders were noticed, dividing the records into three periods (Period I : 0 ; 0-0 ; 6 years, Period II : 0 ; 7-1 ; 0 years, Period III : 1 ; 1-2 ; 0 years). As results, it was found that disturbances in social interaction and emotional disorders were observable before 0 ; 6 years, and noted in all cases after 1 ; 1 years. Disorders in visual and auditory behavior were seen from 0 ; 3 years, including distinctive perceptual behavior. Disorders in muscle tonus and motor function were seen past 0 ; 7 years, and atypical behavior after 0 ; 9 years.This study has provided a valuable key to early detection, although further comparative analysis against other developmental disorders and normal subjects are in order.