Clarification of the concept "on" from a viewpoint of clinical psychology

我们日本的临床病例，从一个角度来看，可以分为两类：一类是债台高筑的病人，另一类是永远不会负债的病人。他们敏感的母亲或养父母可能诱发了他们的自责感或债务感。在第一类中，他们的受虐倾向往往来自于他们早期的弱势环境经历，这可能导致了无休止的积累。他们背负着大量累积的债务，以至于容易患上倦怠综合症。第二类的情况可能是无意识的，但一旦他们意识到这一点，他们就会卷入复杂的人际关系中，因此他们试图逃避任何债务。在这个日本社会中，一定有一类正常的自我奉献的看护人，他们在文化上受到日本人的钦佩和理想化。他们还有一个特点是有适度的负债倾向。他们不会责怪自己太多，试图为爱和感激而偿还债务，他们接受自己还款的限制。我们也发现了在成熟的过程中实现健康的过程。与血亲的关系似乎会加深积欠感和自责感。最后，我们提出了有效的心理治疗技术。首先，我们应该详细了解病人的生活史，找出他们早期诱发罪恶感的环境。其次，我们应该对待他们的受虐倾向，考虑到他们背后的家庭和爱，并强调他们现在的愤怒不是针对他们真正的父母，因为他们对父母的早期形象感到愤怒。第三，当他们暴露出真实的自我时，我们应该为他们提供一个“容纳”的环境。

Our Japanese clinical cases from the viewpoint of on can be divided into the two categories : on the one hand, the patients who are burdened with heavily accumulating debt, and on the other, those who will never incur any debt.Their sensitive mothers or foster parents may have induced cheir sense of self-reproach or debt. In the first category, their masochistic tendencies were often derived from their early experiences with vulnerable environment, which may have induced an endless accumulation of on. They are burdened with heavily accumulating debt so much that they become subject to the Burn-Out Syndrome. The cases of the second category may feel on unconsciously but once they become conscious of it they should get involved in complicated human relations, and therefore they try to escape from any debt.In this Japanese society there must be a category of normal self-devoted caretakers who are admired and idealized culturally among japanese people. They are also characterized of a moderate tendency to feel in debt. They do not reproach themselves so much, trying to repay debt for love and appreciation, and they accept the limit of their own repayment. We also have found a process of achieving healthy on in a maturational process. It seems that on related relationships with blood relatives tend to deepen a sense of accumulated debt and self-reproach.Finally, we propose the effective techniques of psychotherapy for these conditions. First, we should take patients'detailed life-histories to find their early guilt-inducing environment. Second, we should treat their masochistic tendencies, taking into considerations their amae and love behind them, and should emphasize that their present anger is not to be directed towards their real parents, because they are angry with the early image of their parents. Thire, when they reveal their true selves we should provide them with "holding"environment in terms of their places to be.