How people think about health and illness : The relationship of health locus of control

为了调查人们的健康/疾病观念与个人控制之间的关系，1994年和1995年进行了两个研究项目。在第一项研究中，要求279名大学生和91名护理学院学生回答健康控制源量表和15种疾病的语义差异量表。结果表明，基于语义差异量表的疾病图像受到疾病的直接或间接经验、疾病的生物医学解释知识和健康控制位点的影响。第二项研究的目的是比较四个社会文化群体对道德卫生保健问题的态度和对疾病的应对行为。分析了健康控制点与态度/应对行为的关系。以日本的319名大学生、259名中年人、韩国的172名大学生和美国的125名大学生为研究对象，分别填写了健康控制源量表、伦理卫生保健态度量表和某些疾病应对行为量表。日本、韩国和美国受试者对医疗伦理问题的态度不同。对伦理卫生保健问题的态度和健康控制点之间有几个有趣的关系。各被试群体对疾病的应对行为也存在差异，且应对行为与健康控制点之间存在显著相关。

To investigate the relationships between people's idea about health/ illness and personal control, two research projects were undertaken in 1994 & 1995.In the first research, 279 university students and 91 students in a school of nursing were required to answer the health locus of control scales and the semantic differential scales on 15 diseases. The results showed that each illness image based on semantic differential scales were influenced by the direct or indirect experience of the diseases, the knowledge of biomedical explanation of the diseases, and the health locus of control.The purpose of the second study was to compare attitudes to ethical health care issues and coping behaviors to sicknesses in four socio-cultural groups. The relationships between health locus of control and the attitudes/coping behaviors were also analyzed. 319 students and 259 middle aged adults in Japan, 172 students in Korea, and 125 students in the U.S.A.were asked to answer the questionnaire that included the health locus of control scales, the scale for attitudes to ethical health care issues, and the scale for coping behavior to some sicknesses. The attitudes towards ethical health care issues were different in Japanese, Korean, and American subjects. Several interesting relationships between the attitudes toward ethical health care issues and health locus of control were found. The coping behavior to sickness were also different among the subject groups, and the significant relationships between the coping behaviors and health locus of control were indentified.