Life Course and Role Actions of Higher Civil Servants of Japan in Syowa Era.

昭和时代日本高级公务员的生命历程和角色行动。

• 批准号: 06610193
• 负责人: NAKAMICHI Minoru
• 金额: $ 1.22万
• 依托单位: Nara Women's University (1995)Doshisha University (1994)
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1994 至 1995
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06610193/
• 关键词: Syowa era; higher civil servant; life course; social career; cohort analysis; policymaking process; role action; 日本官僚制; 行政官僚; 行政エリート; ライフヒストリー; コ-ホ-ト; 政策過程; 社会移動; 官僚支配

The purpose of this research is to demonstrate the social careers of bureaucrats of Japan in Syowa era, and their role actions in policymakingData are from a systematic survey with mail questionnaire of 327 higher civil servants and a life-history study with semi-directive interviews of 49 civil sevants. The subjects of survey were sorted by four cohorts adopted public employees during the same period. The results indicate the following findings.1.A majority of two-thirds of higher civil servants are city native place persons. They had higher educated fathers and middle-educated mothers. They had fathers in professions or some public or private managerial positions and self-employees. Seventy-five percent of respondents went to Tokyo University.2.They formed an incentive to become an official in the national public service in the university student times, and it was the expectation of parents and the modeling of the relatives who were public employees that influenced it.3.A modal pattern of bureaucratic career of higher civil servants is the following. They were adopted by 24 years old, and were promoted to chiefs by 40 years old, to section chiefs by 45, to bureau chiefs by 50, and to vice-ministers by 54, and retired from them by 55.4.Higher civil servants developed of their social careers with three kinds of convoys ; "vocational counseling persons", "teachers on careers", and "sponsors".5.Although the roles of politicians and bureaucrats are converging, civil servants select "subjective interest adjustment and reformation of society" as roles of self.They consider bureaucrats to be actors having influence most in policymaking, but they recognize that leaders of the ruling party and the policymaking engine of the party have influence, too. Therefore, they aim for the alliance of bureaucrats and Diet members of the ruling party in order to maintain their influence.

本研究的目的是探讨日本政制时代官僚的社会职业生涯及其在政策制定中的角色行为。数据来源于对327名高级公务员的系统问卷调查和对49名公务员的半指示访谈生活史研究。调查对象按四组同期受聘公务员分组。结果表明：1。三分之二的高级公务员是城市本地人。他们有受过高等教育的父亲和中等教育的母亲。他们的父亲从事专业或一些公共或私人管理职位和自营雇员。75%的受访者毕业于东京大学。在大学生时代，他们形成了一种成为国家公务员的动机，而影响这种动机的是父母的期望和公务员亲属的榜样。高级公务员的官僚生涯模式是这样的。他们24岁时被收养，40岁时晋升为厅长，45岁时晋升为科长，50岁时晋升为局长，54岁时晋升为次官，55.4岁时退休。高级公务员的社会事业发展有三种护航方式；“职业咨询师”、“职业教师”和“赞助者”。虽然政治家和官僚的角色正在趋同，但公务员选择“调节和改革社会的主观利益”作为自我的角色。他们认为官僚是政策制定中影响力最大的行为者，但他们也认识到执政党领导人和党的决策引擎也有影响力。因此，他们的目标是官僚和执政党国会议员的联盟，以保持他们的影响力。