Researches on Kakyo (**)'s Society and on Tojin (**)'s Trade in Nagasaki at the Beginnings of the Early Modern Ages

中国人，被称为“Tojin”（**），生活在长崎的日本人中间，没有建立他们的唐人街“Tojin- machi”（***）。解释他们这样做的原因可能成为了解“华人住宅”（****）建成之前长崎华人社会的关键。中国人和日本人在长崎共同生活的情况与“Wako”（**）非常相似。因此，我们可以认为“Wako”是“Kakyo”东扩的一部分。这些因为越境而被中国政府取缔的人，为什么会以“佤族”（*）的名义团结起来？要弄清这一点，有必要重新审视中日关系的历史。宋朝时期，日本向中国出口黄金。因此，日本可以在政治上优于中国，将“民间贸易关系”作为对中国的基本外交政策，并将“封建”社会建设作为国策。这就是为什么长崎的中国人可以和日本人生活在一起。

Chinese, called "Tojin"(**), lived among Japanese in Nagasaki, without building their Chinatown, "Tojin-Machi"(***). The elucidation of the reason why they did so may become a key to find out how the Chinese society in Nagasaki had been before the "Chinese Residences"(****) were built.The situation that Chinese and Japanese lived together in Nagasaki was very similar to that of "Wako"(**). So we can regard "Wako"was a part of "Kakyo"s eastern expansions. Why did the people, who were outlawed by the Chinese government because of being across the border, unite in the name of "Wa"(*)? To clarify it, is necessary to reconsider the history of the relationships between China and Japan.During the So (*) dynasty, Japan exported gold to China. Japan could, therefore, have political superiority over China, adopt the "Nongovernmental Trade Relationship" as the fundamental diplomatic policy to China, and build the "feudal" society as a national policy. This is why Chinese in Nagasaki could live among Japanese.