Researches on Kakyo (**)'s Society and on Tojin (**)'s Trade in Nagasaki at the Beginnings of the Early Modern Ages

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Chinese, called "Tojin"(**), lived among Japanese in Nagasaki, without building their Chinatown, "Tojin-Machi"(***). The elucidation of the reason why they did so may become a key to find out how the Chinese society in Nagasaki had been before the "Chinese Residences"(****) were built.The situation that Chinese and Japanese lived together in Nagasaki was very similar to that of "Wako"(**). So we can regard "Wako"was a part of "Kakyo"s eastern expansions. Why did the people, who were outlawed by the Chinese government because of being across the border, unite in the name of "Wa"(*)? To clarify it, is necessary to reconsider the history of the relationships between China and Japan.During the So (*) dynasty, Japan exported gold to China. Japan could, therefore, have political superiority over China, adopt the "Nongovernmental Trade Relationship" as the fundamental diplomatic policy to China, and build the "feudal" society as a national policy. This is why Chinese in Nagasaki could live among Japanese.