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On the Relationship between Buddhism, Christianity and Confucianism in Japan at the End of the Middle Ages and the Beginnings of Early Modern

论中世纪末近代初期日本佛教、基督教和儒教的关系

基本信息

批准号：
11610335
负责人：
ANNO Masaki
金额：
$ 1.54万
依托单位：
Hirosaki University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1999 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The Japanese were recognized, by the Jesuits in Japan after Xavier's coming to Japan, as a rational and chosen people who were able to appreciate the virtue of Christianity with their reason. This means the possibility that they could understand the concept of the creative God in Christianity, being out of the influence of Judaism and Islamism at that time. Arimichi EBISAWA explained that such understanding may have been possible because of the influential idea of 'TENDO' existed in Japan at that time. And we also pointed out the fact that Japanese Mahayana Buddhists and European Christians shared the ideas of heaven and hell and of the immortality of the soul.On the other hand, if we grant that the Japanese were indeed a rational people, that means that they enthusiastically accepted the existence of God by the analyzes of natural phenomena done by Scholastic philosophers. The opinion of KOKUDO SOUMOKU SHIKKAI JOUBUTSU, all of the land and vegetation becoming Buddha, under TENDAI HONGAKU thought, was maintained, and Pantheism, all things in nature holding Buddha's mind, existed in Japan at that time. On the grounds of these, the concept of a creative god had a great appeal to the Japanese. Remarkably, the theory of the relationship between the Neo-Platonism that the Jesuits held, was nearly equal to Pantheism and to the viewpoint of TENDAI HONGAKU thought on nature.

泽维尔来到日本后，日本的耶稣会士认为日本人是一个理性的、被选中的民族，他们能够用理性来欣赏基督教的美德。这意味着他们可能会理解基督教中的创造性上帝的概念，而不是当时犹太教和伊斯兰教的影响。EBISAWA解释说，这种理解可能是因为当时日本存在的有影响力的“TENDO”思想。我们还指出，日本大乘佛教徒和欧洲基督徒在天堂和地狱以及灵魂不朽的观念上是一致的。另一方面，如果我们承认日本人确实是一个理性的民族，那就意味着他们通过经院哲学家对自然现象的分析，热情地接受了上帝的存在。在天道本学的思想下，国堂宗国思想会持守所有土地和植物都成佛的观点，当时日本存在着泛神论，即自然界中的一切事物都持有佛的思想。基于这些理由，创造神的概念对日本人有很大的吸引力。值得注意的是，耶稣会士所持的新柏拉图主义与泛神论的关系理论，几乎等同于天道弘学的自然观。