ColumbusA literary history of the 'other' and the 'own'

探险家和殖民者哥伦布在文化认同和另类之间占据了一个典型的门槛位置：他自己是一个民族混血儿，他发现了一个“他者”，而这个“他者”反过来又成为欧洲“自己”的投影屏幕。因此，哥伦布这个人物是后殖民文学史的中心元素。关于哥伦布的德语文学可以划分为三个有用的思想历史，或者基本上遵循时间顺序的三种模式：(1)启蒙运动，首先将发现者和殖民者作为文明的英雄，他让陌生人参与欧洲的祝福，文明的诅咒也受到批评（作者：博德默、坎普、赫尔德、利希滕贝格、福斯特）；(2)理想浪漫主义，它通过与英雄的认同来寻求自己的认同，而他者几乎不再出现，哥伦布在这里是当前动荡的审美密码（作者：席勒，Hölderlin，尼采，否则：r<s:1> ckert, Klingemann）；(3)现代主义只接受英雄是反派或喜剧人物，将其解构为英雄，并倾向于采用“他者”的视角，这些“他者”往往适应于自己的身份（作者：Wassermann、Tucholsky、Hasenclever、Zweig、Hacks、Buch）。哥伦布在德国文学中绝不是默默无闻的，但他在德国文学研究中还没有得到充分的体现。我想通过我的项目来弥补这个差距，同时获得一个新的文学史视角。

The explorer and colonizer Columbus occupies a paradigmatic threshold position between cultural identity and alterity: himself a national hybrid figure, he discovers an 'other', which in turn becomes a projection screen for the European 'own'. The Columbus figure is thus a central element of post-colonial literary history. German-language literature on Columbus can be divided in three useful constellations of the history of ideas, or three modes that basically follow a chronological course: (1) the Enlightenment, which first of all appropriates the discoverer and colonizer as a hero of civilization, who lets the strangers participate in the European blessings, whereby the curses of civilization are also criticized (authors: Bodmer, Campe, Herder, Lichtenberg, Forster); (2) the idealistic-romantic, which seeks its own identity through identification with the hero, while the other hardly appears any more, Columbus is here an aesthetic cipher for the upheavals of the present (authors: Schiller, Hölderlin, Nietzsche, otherwise: Rückert, Klingemann); (3) the modern one, which only accepts the hero as an villain or comic figure, deconstructs him as a hero and tends to adopt the perspective of the 'others', who are often adapted to the own identity (authors: Wassermann, Tucholsky, Hasenclever, Zweig, Hacks, Buch).Columbus is by no means unknown in German literature, but he has not yet been adequately represented in German literary studies. I want to close this gap with my project and at the same time gain a new perspective on the history of literature.