Designing and Characterization of New Types of Polymer Blends and Composites with Cellulose and Chitin

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1. Chitin-based polymer blends and composites :The synthetic polymers used as a mixing partner of chitin included poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP), poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and poly (glycidyl methacrylate)(PGMA). Optically clear films of unmodified chitin/PVP blends were prepared over the whole composition range from mixed polymer solutions in formic acid/dichrolomethane by solvent evaporation. It was shown from the Tg estimation that the polymer pair forms a miscible phase in the binary blend films, irrespective of composition. Blend films of PVA with chitins having different degrees of deacetylation (DD) wre obtained successfully by a solution-casting or coagulation method with aqueous acetic acid or dimethylacetamide-lithium chloride (DMAc-LiCl) as common solvent. When the DD of the chitin component was in the range of 40-60%, the binary blends showed especially high miscibility. Microcomposites of chitin with PGMA were synthesized via photo-initiated polymerization in a gel state … More of chitin in GMA monomer as reactive impregnant. The chitin gels were formed from solutions in DMAc-LiCl by coagulation with a non-solvent. A well-developed 'IPN' type organization was realized in the composites.2. Cellulose-based polymer blends and composites :IPN composites made up of cellulose/poly (vinyl pyrrolidone-co-glycidyl methacrylate) [CELL/P (VP-co-GMA)] networks were synthesized successfully in film form from homogeneous solutions of cellulose by coagulation and subsequent polymerization of the resulting gels swollen in a VP/GMA monomer mixture. It was possible to introduce different types of intermolecular cross-links thereinto via adequate chemical and thermal treatments of the as-polymerized samples. Marked synergistic effects in physical and physicochemical properties including thermal transition, tensile behavior, swelling, and vapor absorption were demonstrated for such IPN composites of CELL/P (VP-co-GMA). Vapor-absorption property and gas permeablity were also investigated for films of CELL/PVP and CELL/PVA blends prepared by a solution casting or coagulation method. Less