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STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF CROP DAMAGE DUE TO VOLCANIC ASH ITS COUNTER PLAN

火山灰对农作物危害的机理研究及防治方案

基本信息

批准号：
06660020
负责人：
SUMI Akio
金额：
$ 1.34万
依托单位：
KAGOSHIMA UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1994 至 1995
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06660020/
关键词：
Ash fall Crop growth Leaf temperature Shading Soil improvement Stomatal resistance Volcanogeneous ash soil Volcanic disaster 火山灰日射吸収量作物気孔コンダクタンス蒸散速度収量光合成量生育

项目摘要

Crop production in Sakurajima-town has dropped rapidly since 1972 when the volcanic activity of Sakurajima-Minamidake began to be furious. A negative correlation was found between the annual amount of ash vomited from Minamidake and the yield of sweet potato in Sakurajima-town, expressed as the ratio to the overall yield of Kagoshima prefecture. In addition, the cities and towns situated encircling Sakurajima tended to be inferior in crop yield to the municipalities situaed close behind them, but superior to Sakurajima-town. The results suggest that the crop yields in and around Sakurajima is affected by the ash fall.In order to examine the effect of ash fall upon plugging stomata, the stomatal resistance in several crops was measured at various places within a 40km radius, but the relationship between the stomtal resistance and the distance from a explosion craster was unclear. A considerable rise in leaf temperature was observed in the leaf covered with volcanic ash, because of a dec … More rease in transpiration rate and an increase in the absorption of solar radiation. This suggests that volcanic ash cover on leaves affects photosythesis by not only shading leaf surface but also increasing leaf temperature.Though it was supposed that the reduction in photosynthesis arises in leaf covered directly with volcanic ash, the reduction in growth was larger in crop grown under glass sheet covered with volcanic ash than it. It seemed that the disagreement depended mainly upon the difference in light conditions on which leaves developed after the treatments were put. In addition, it was suggested that when the volcanic ash is left on covering material for a long term the growth after the remaoval will be also checked.When volcanic ash is mixed into arable soil, the crop growth and/or yield reduced with an increasing in the percentage of volcanic ash-mixture. It was proved in pot-experiment as well as on-the-spot examination that the crop growth is larger when the mormal soil is arranged concentrically aroud a root than when it is mixed into volcanic soil. A curvillinear relationship was found between the crop growth and both area and depth around a root, replaced by normal soil. The means that there is a optimum area and depth maximizing the replacement-effect. Less

自1972年樱岛南岳火山活动开始猛烈以来，樱岛镇的农作物产量迅速下降。南岳每年的火山灰吐出量与樱岛町的甘薯产量呈负相关，表示为与鹿儿岛县总产量的比率。此外，樱岛周边的城镇的农作物产量往往低于其后的市镇，但高于樱岛町的上级水平。为了研究火山灰对气孔的堵塞作用，在40 km半径范围内测定了几种作物的气孔阻力，但尚不清楚火山灰对气孔阻力的影响与火山灰爆炸距离的关系。在被火山灰覆盖的叶片中观察到叶片温度的显著上升， ...更多信息增加蒸腾速率，增加对太阳辐射的吸收。这表明，火山灰覆盖在叶片上不仅遮蔽了叶面，而且还增加了叶片温度，从而影响了光合作用。虽然人们认为，直接覆盖火山灰的叶片光合作用会减少，在火山灰覆盖的玻璃板下生长的作物生长的减少比它大。似乎这种不一致主要取决于叶片生长所依赖的光照条件的差异。是在处理之后发展起来的。此外，火山灰长期留在覆盖材料上，也会抑制覆盖后的作物生长，当火山灰混入可耕地时，作物生长和/或产量随火山灰混合物比例的增加而降低。通过盆栽试验和实地考察，证明了正常土以根为中心排列时，作物生长量比掺入火山土时大。在正常土壤条件下，作物生长与根系面积和根深均呈曲线关系。这意味着存在一个最佳的面积和深度，以最大限度地提高增强效果。少