A Study on Multi-Purpose Utilization of Agro-resources in Hill Regions

山地农业资源综合利用研究

• 批准号: 06660286
• 负责人: HORITA Tadao
• 金额: $ 1.22万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY of OSAKA PREFECTURE
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1994 至 1995
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06660286/
• 关键词: Agro-resources; Cultivable wastes; Farm land under-utilization; Urbanization; Farm land preservation; Common property; 都市近郊中山間地域; インパーマネンス・シンドローム; 多面的利用; アメリカ; インド

Hill region in Japan plays an important role in agricultural production, accounting for about 40 percent of total agricultural product, and in environmental conservation, such as preventing natural calamities and providing scenic landscape. It is' however, regrettable that rich agro-resources in hill region, farm land in particular, have been recently kept unutilized and degraded to a great extent. The purpose of this study is to analyze the mechanism of the phenomena and consider the means to coping with it. Considering that the intensity of urban impacts (beneficial as well as injurious to agriculture) declines with the distance from urban center, we selected three hill regions with different distance from the respective urban center. In addition, a brief international comparison was carried out.(1)The village survey conducted in Tsuge village in Nara Prefecture revealed the process of degradation of agricultural labor force along with farm households' life cycle and its relation wit … More h cultivable wastes. To enhance effective utilization (efficient and equitable) of farm land and farm labor force, villagers' participation to the local farming group is required.(2)"Jike Furusato Mura" in Yokohama city in Kanagawa Prefecture is known as a successful case of preserving farm land and farm landscape. The in-depth study on the local government measures taken to support the above made clear that the government control with regulations would be only a necessary condition, and to supplement it local people's participating activities are quite important.(3)The principal component regression analysis using the agricultural census data of Fukui Prefecture revealed that conditions of farm land (location, size, slope and so on) have more strongly affected to farm land under-utilization rather than degradation of agricultural labor force available in farm households.(4)Agro-resource problems in US and in India were taken up for an international comparison. Studies on impacts of urbanization on agriculture, impermanence syndrome for example, and farm land preservation policies in US were reviewed and problems related to cultivable wastes and common access property in India were examined. Less

日本的丘陵地区在农业生产中发挥着重要作用，约占农产品总量的40%，在防止自然灾害和提供风景景观等环境保护方面也发挥着重要作用。然而，令人遗憾的是，山区丰富的农业资源，特别是农田，最近一直没有得到利用，并在很大程度上退化。本研究的目的是分析这种现象的机制，并考虑应对的手段。考虑到城市影响的强度（对农业的有益影响和有害影响）随着距离城市中心的距离而下降，我们选择了三个距离城市中心不同距离的丘陵地区。此外，还进行了简要的国际比较。(1)通过对奈良县津哥村的调查，揭示了农业劳动力的退化过程与农户生命周期的关系及其与可耕废弃物的关系。为了提高农地和农业劳动力的有效利用（高效和公平），需要村民参与当地的农业团体。(2)神奈川县横滨市的“Jike Furusato Mura”被认为是保护农田和农场景观的成功案例。对地方政府支持上述措施的深入研究表明，政府以法规控制只是必要条件，地方人民的参与活动是非常重要的补充。(3)利用福井县农业普查数据进行主成分回归分析，发现农户土地条件（区位、规模、坡度等）对农户土地利用不足的影响大于农户可用农业劳动力的退化。(4)对美国和印度的农业资源问题进行了国际比较。回顾了美国城市化对农业的影响、非永久性综合征、农田保护政策等方面的研究，分析了印度可耕废弃物和共有产权等方面的问题。少