Studies on Cost-share Systems for Development and Management of Rural Infrastructure

农村基础设施由许多要素组成，如道路、排水沟、自来水厂、公园、会议场所、医院、学校。本研究从这些基础设施中选择了公共牧场，公共牧场是为畜牧业养殖户提供公共服务的。但现在它提供了良好的视野，接触牲畜和其他动物，为市民提供食物。在许多情况下，进入公共牧场是免费的。评价公共牧场对游客的经济价值的方法是旅行成本法。传统计量法可用于估算环境产品的经济价值。中医估计这是消费者的剩余。这项研究测量了两个公共牧场的经济价值，Ikari KOUGEN Sougou BOJUJYO(京都)和Obihiro-Shii Ychiyo KOUKYOU IKUSEI BOKUJYO(北海道)。伊卡里牧场的经济价值评估方法是个人旅行成本法(ITCM)，雅乔牧场的经济价值评估方法是区域旅行成本法(ZTcm)。这些测量的结果是：以伊卡里牧场为例，消费者每次旅行的盈余为39338日元。伊卡利牧场每年的消费者盈余总额为8.76亿日元。以八代牧场为例，消费者人均盈余5610日元。本研究得出的结论是：在农村基础设施中，以公共牧场为例，衡量管理成本和收益对成本分担制度的决策具有重要意义。但在农村基础设施的整个生命周期内衡量用户的经济价值是很重要的。

Rural infrastructure consists of many elements, such as roads, drains, waterworks, parks, meetings places, hospitals, school. This study selected public pasture from all these infrastructures public pasture is a public service for stock farmers. But it now provide good view, contact with livestock and other animals, and meals for citizens.And in many cases, there is no fee to enter public pasture. Method to estimate the economic value of public pasture for the visitors is Travel Cost Method (TCM). TCM is available to estimate econoinic value of envirornmental goods. TCM estimate it as consumer's surplus.This study measured the economic values of two public pastures, IKARI KOUGEN SOUGOU BOJUJYO (Kyoto) and OBIHIRO-SHI YACHIYO KOUKYOU IKUSEI BOKUJYO (Hokkaido). Method of economic value in Ikari pasture is Individual Travel Cost Method (ITCM), and it in Yachiyo pasture is Zone Travel Cost Method (ZTCM). The result of these measurements : In the case of Ikari pasture, consumers surplus per one travel is 39,338 yen. Total consumers surplus of Ikari pasture per year is 876 million yen.In the case of Yachiyo pasture, consumers surplus per person 5,610 yen. Total consumers surplus of Yachiyo pasture per year is 111 million yen.The conclusion emerged from this study : In rural infrastructure, for example public pasture, it is important for decision of the cost-share system to measure the management cost and revenue. But it is important to measure the economic valuation of users for all the life of the rural infrastructure.