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RAPD analysis of white clover cultivars and clones for swards with intensive grazing and those with low-input

集约放牧和低投入草地白三叶草品种和无性系的 RAPD 分析

基本信息

批准号：
06660337
负责人：
SAWADA Hitoshi
金额：
$ 1.34万
依托单位：
Shizuoka University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1994 至 1995
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06660337/
关键词：
White clover Clone identification RAPD markers Cultivar identification Plant population ecology Grassland ecology Pasture-plant breeding Clonal plant 放牧育種牧草草地品種識別法

项目摘要

The aims of this research are (1) to develop a technique for identifying cultivars and clones of white clover using and (2) to examine the advantageous architecure in grazed swards. The technique and information are much useful in understanding the coexistence strategy of white clover inhabiting intensively grazed swards and sustainable swards. Firstly, I examined the possibility of identifying two cultivars (large-leaved cv. Kopu and small-leaved cv. Tahora) and their clones using RAPD markers. A screen-test showed that ten primers were useful and the combination of the performance from the primers gave well results in the identification. Use of both RAPD and isozyme markers provides well identification with relatively low cost.Secondly, I assessed the advantageous architecture of white clover in two grazed swards (zoysia-typed and ryegrass-typed). They are considered as a typical system for sustainable use and for intensive use, respectively. I used the studying approach combined (1) detailed observations and measurements in mini-swards experimentally set up and (2) observations in fields. Obserations and measurements in a ryegrass-sward showed that large-leaved type showed larger survival and growth performance, whereas the revearse was true in intensive swards. They also suggested that differences in both attributes between two types may be small in intensive swards due to larger plasticity of larger-leaved type. For a zoysia-sward, a following hypothesis was tested : If a newly forming patch involves a large-leaved clone, it grows rapidly to occupy the patch area by the end of the patch longevity. Results of the mini-sward experiment and observations in a field supported this hypothesis strongly. They also suggested that climatic conditions affected this trend strongly.

本研究的目的是：（1）建立一种利用人工草地鉴定白色三叶草品种和无性系的技术;（2）研究放牧草地的优势构型。这些技术和信息对于理解白色三叶草在集约放牧草地和可持续放牧草地上的共存策略具有重要意义。首先，我研究了识别两个品种（大叶品种。Kopu和小叶CV。Tahora）及其无性系的RAPD分析。筛选出10条有效引物，组合使用效果良好。RAPD和同工酶标记的联合应用，可以以较低的成本进行鉴定。其次，对结缕草型和黑麦草型两种放牧草地上白色三叶草的优势构型进行了研究。它们分别被认为是可持续利用和集约利用的典型系统。本研究采用了（1）在小型试验草地上的详细观察和测量与（2）田间观察相结合的研究方法。在一个黑麦草草地上的观察和测量表明，大叶型表现出更大的生存和生长性能，而在集约化草地上则相反。他们还认为，在密集草地中，由于大叶型的可塑性更大，两种类型之间的属性差异可能很小。对于结缕草，下面的假设进行了测试：如果一个新形成的补丁涉及一个大叶克隆，它迅速增长，占据斑块面积的斑块寿命结束。小型草地试验和田间观察结果有力地支持了这一假设。他们还认为气候条件对这一趋势有很大影响。