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Studies on cell grouth and aminc acid requirement of rumen fungi

瘤胃真菌细胞生长及氨基酸需要量的研究

基本信息

批准号：
06660353
负责人：
HOSHINO Sadao
金额：
$ 1.34万
依托单位：
Mie University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1994 至 1995
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

This study is aimed at elucidating amino acid requirement of rumen anaerobic fungi for their growth, which could contribute to improved culturing of this organisms and better understanding of their niches in the rumen microbial ecosystem. Amino acid requirements of Neocallimastix sp.N13 isolated from sheep rumen were studied with supplements containing 10 essential amino acids (10EAA) or 8 non-essential aminoacids (8NEAA) , or both (18AA). Although the fungus could grow in a medium containing ammonium sulphate as a sole source of nitrogen, amino acid supplement, especially 18AA greatly stimulated fungal growth. Omission of sulphur containing amino acids (SCAA) from 18AA reduced markedly the growth-stimulating effect, and sulphide, but not sulphate, substituted for SCAA partly. Omission of aromatic, branched chain, acidic, aliphatic, and hydroxy amino acids, and proline, singly or in combination, all reduced fungal growth in some degree as compared with 18AA supplement. A 3 amino acids (leucine, methionine, and histidine) supplement was a potent stimulator for the fungus, whereas the other combination (glutamic acid, methionine, and serine) , known to be potent for Neocallimastix patriciarum was ineffective. Growth of Caecomyces sp. K1 less dominant in the rumen was also stimulated with 18AA and 8NEAA,but not with 10EAA.These results suggest that requirements of amino acids for rumen fungal growth may differ among genera, species and even strains.

本研究旨在阐明瘤胃厌氧真菌生长对氨基酸的需求，为改进瘤胃厌氧真菌的培养，更好地了解其在瘤胃微生物生态系统中的生态位提供依据。采用添加10种必需氨基酸（10EAA）或8种非必需氨基酸（8NEAA），或同时添加两种氨基酸（18AA）的方法，研究了绵羊瘤胃分离物Neocallimastix sp.N13对氨基酸的需求。虽然真菌可以在以硫酸铵为唯一氮源的培养基中生长，但氨基酸的补充，特别是18AA对真菌的生长有很大的促进作用。18AA中含硫氨基酸（SCAA）的缺失显著降低了促生长作用，硫化物（而非硫酸盐）部分取代了SCAA。与补充18AA相比，遗漏芳香氨基酸、支链氨基酸、酸性氨基酸、脂肪氨基酸和羟基氨基酸以及脯氨酸，在一定程度上都降低了真菌的生长。补充3种氨基酸（亮氨酸、蛋氨酸和组氨酸）对真菌是一种有效的刺激剂，而已知的另一种组合（谷氨酸、蛋氨酸和丝氨酸）对新卡氏菌有效，但却无效。18AA和8NEAA也能促进瘤胃中较弱优势的Caecomyces sp. K1的生长，而10EAA则不能。这些结果表明，不同属、种甚至菌株对瘤胃真菌生长所需氨基酸的需求可能不同。