KINEMATIC STUDY FOR ENHANCEMENT OF TECHNIQUE IN SKI JUMP

采用视频分析和肌电分析对世界级跳球运动员的起跳动作进行了表征。根据关节动力的产生，将跳跃技术分为三类。采用指数回归分析关节力量与肌肉活动的关系。研究结果如下：1。肌肉活动与关节动力的关系肌肉在关节发电中起作用。关节力量与髋关节和膝关节肌肉的rEMG呈指数关系。关节肌肉产生更大的电压表明关节力量的增加。因此，需要更快的肌肉收缩来产生更大的关节力量。臀大肌和股内侧肌是髋关节和膝关节的主要动力来源。然而，对于与关节力量发展相关的训练，在测量rEMG显示的肌肉活动时应考虑弹性滞后。在跳跃动作中，当单个关节肌肉产生较大的t电压时，关节产生的功率最大，但有一定的滞后时间。本研究在分析关节动力产生模式的基础上，阐明了三种重要的跳台滑雪技术。三种技术被命名为1)相移发电技术，2)相移和腿旋转技术，3)近距离发电技术。在每一个跳跃技术中，髋关节和膝关节对产生动力和力量起着重要的作用。发电的方式对于提高每一个跳远运动员的技术是很重要的。每一种技术的特点是：1)相移发电技术中各关节的发力是有规律的。2)相移转腿技术的特点是腿向前旋转运动，髋关节和膝关节的发力模式发生相位共振。3)在近距离发电技术中，膝关节和髋关节的发电模式是无相位共振的。少

The take-off motion in World class umpers were characterized using video analyzes and EMG analyzes. Jumping techniques were clasified three categories by joints power production. Relationship between joint power and muscle activities were analyzed by exponential regression analyzes. These research results are as follows :1. Relationship between muscle activity and joint powerThe muscles play a role in joint power generation. There was an exponential relation between joint power and the rEMG of the hip and knee muscles. Larger voltage production in a joint muscle indicates an increase in joint power. It follows that faster muscle contraction would be needed to generate larger joint power. The Gluteus maximus and Vastus medialis are major power producers in the hip and knee joints. However, for training related to joint power development, elastic lag should be considered in measurements of muscle activity shown by rEMG.During jump action, when the single joint muscles produced the larges … More t voltage, the joints produced the largest power with some lag time.2. Classification of the take-off techniquesThis study clarifies three important ski jumping techniques based on an analysis of the patterns of joint power production. Three techniques were named shuch as 1) the Phase Shift Power Generation Technique, 2) The Phase Shift and Leg Rotation Technique, and 3) the Close Power Generation Technique. The hip and knee joints play an important role for generating power and force in each jump technique. The manner of power generation is important for improving skills in each jumper. Characteristics in each technique are as follows :1) The power production in each joint takes place in a regular order in the Phase Shift Power Generation Technique.2) The Phase Shift and Leg Rotation Technique is characterized by forward rotational movement of the leg and phase resonance of the power generation pattern in the hip and knee joints.3) The patterns of power generation in the knee and hip joint are produced without phase resonance in the Close Power Generation Tecnique. Less