Evolution of Socio-Cultural Milieu and Globalization of Local Industrial Area in Japan

日本社会文化环境的演变与地方工业区的全球化九州大学社会文化研究生院宫川康夫教授1973年的石油危机和日元浮动制对日本的工业，尤其是当地工业造成了巨大的冲击。很大程度上是由于日元的迅速升值，大多数本地工业都受到了外国公司进口商品的影响，然后日本公司在海外设立了办事处，特别是在亚洲。亚洲各国有着相似的社会文化背景，这使得技术、设计和技术从日本的转移变得顺畅。1985年广场协议达成后，当地工业区的突变加速，再次爆发了日元升值和地价上涨，特别是在大都市地区。面对这种严峻的形势，地方产业和地方工业区本身都在共同努力，推动工业和…结构调整更多的区域结构。与结构调整相适应，一个地区的主导产业不仅关系到一个地区的生存，而且关系到当地工业区的整体生存。通常，主要行业的海外工厂，特别是亚洲的工厂，提供基本需求，从而使国内市场和出口市场的高级需求重新焕发活力。这在很大程度上要归功于这种高级需求，当地工匠可以生产高质量的产品，并发展他们的技能、设计和技术。我们可以举几个例子来说明这种产业结构，例如中国北部以天斗寿木工厂为支撑的天斗寿木生产区，以及马来西亚以日本车架工业工厂为依托的名古屋车架生产区。当地工业区的承载环境对可持续发展产生了重大影响。它对杰出工匠、设计师和工程师的聚集产生了巨大的影响。托贝传统陶器产区的再开发中，寄宿环境和社会文化的开放环境对技艺、诀窍和技术的创新起着重要作用。这种环境得到了处于各个发展阶段的领先公司的鼓励，也得到了由当地工业协会、当地学校、当地研发活动的当地工业研究所和当地社会本身建立的当地协会的鼓励。在世界市场的激烈竞争下，大部分日本Locl产业仍然在全球舞台上生存下来，这主要是由于技术、机器和新材料的创新，以及新设计和管理技术的发展。在日本，由于地方工业区在大城市地区的集聚，促进了大量最新技术和诀窍的交流，促进了创新和发展。三树屋顶工业区就是一个典型的例子。它可以与名古屋都会区的现代陶瓷业、纺织机械行业和汽车行业交流最新的技术、设计和诀窍。作为交流的结果，三树屋顶瓦工业区总是可以在丰田汽车为中心的汽车工业产生的相同社会文化环境中积累最新的窑炉、机器、材料、设计和管理知识。较少

Evolution of socio-cultural milieu and globalization of local industrial area in JapanProfessor Dr.Yasuo MiyakawaGraduate School of Social and-Cultural StudiesKyushu UniversityThe oil crisis and adoption of floating system of yen in 1973 gave a great shock on the Japanese industry, especially its local industry. Largely due to the rapid rise of yen, most of local industries suffered from the imported goods from foreign companies and then Japanese companies set up in overseas countries, especially in Asia. Asian countries have similar socio-cultural background, which smoothed the transfer of skill, design and technologies from Japan.The mutation of local industrial areas has been accelerated after the agreement of the Plaza in 1985, which burst the rise of yen again and the rise of land price, especially in the metropolitan areas. Coping with this serious situation, local industries and local industrial areas themselves endeavcured together to promote the restructuring of industrial and … More regional structure.Concerned with the restructuring, the leading industry in an each local area playd a great role not only for its survival but also for the survival of local industrial area as a whole. Usually, overseas factories of the leading industry, especially in Asia supplied the basic demand, which enabled the rejuvenation of high class demand in the domestic market and also in the export market. Largely thanks to this high class demand, local artisans could produce high quality goods and develop their skill, design and technologies. We may quote several examples of this kind of industrial structure such as the Tendou Shougi (Japanese chase) production area supported by the factory of Tendou Shougi in the northern part of China and the Nagoya Frame production area backed up by the factory of Japan Frame Industry in Malaysia.The hosting environment of local industrial area exerted a great influence for the sustainable development. It exerted a great influence on the agglomeration of distinguished artisans, designers and engineers. And the hosting environment and open-milieu of socio-culture playd an important role for the innovation of skills, know-how and technologies as is seen in the redevelopment of Tobe traditional pottery productuion area. This sort of milieu has been encouraged by the aformentioned leading companies at the each stage of development and by the local societies which were established by the local industrial associations, local schools, local industrial institutes for R&D activities and local society itself.Under the keen competition in the world market, most of Japanese locl industries still survive on the global scene, largely owing to the innovation of technologies, machines and new materials and to the development of new designs and management know-how. In Japan, thanks to the agglomeration of local industrial areas in the large metropolitan areas helped a lot of exchanges of latest technologies and know-how for the innovation and the development. The Sanshu roof industrial area is one of the typical example. It could exchange the latest technologies, designs and know-how with modern ceramic industry, textile machines industry and automobile industry in the Nagoya metropolitan are. As a result of the exchange, the Sanshu roof tile industrial area always could develop latest kilns, machines, materials, designs and management know-how accumulated in the same socio-cultural milieu generated by the automobile industry centerd at Toyota Motor. Less