Acquisition Process of Monitoring Ability in Calculation and Instructional Effects of Videotaped Material and Group Discussion.

本研究得出以下四点结论：1.在私立珠心算学校就读的三年级和四年级学生更多地依靠手指运动而不是书面计算来发现自己的计算错误。另一方面，非珠心算学生在自己发现计算错误方面存在一定的困难。2.学生检查书面计算答案的方法是1)“重做”，2)减法“做加法”或乘法任务的“做除法”。3.在观看其他学生的录像带、计算过程后，学生们几乎总是能辨别出错误，但不清楚错误产生的原因。4.在观看录像带后的小组讨论中，学生从多个角度思考了被录像者所犯的错误。此后，他们对其他学生为什么会犯错的推定有了改进。

The following four Points emerged from this research :1.Third and forth graders attending private abacus school detected more of their own calculation errors by relying on finger movement instead of written calculation. On the other hand, non-abacus students showed some difficulty in detecting calculation errors by themselves.2.The students, methods of checking written calculation answers were 1) "do again" , and 2) "do addition" for subtraction or " do division" for multiplication tasks.3.After watching videotapes of other students, calculation process, students could almost always identify the errors but were not clear about the reasons the errors were made.4.In group discussion after watching the videotapes, students considered the errors made by the videotaped students from the many angles. Thereafter they showed improvement in their presumption of why the other students made their errors.