Analysis of the neural circuits related to the visually-guided orientation behavior.

目前的数据显示密集的纹状突起对前侧索和后侧索的大部分方面和中等至弱的中侧索/后侧索的突起。未观察到ALLS的投射。沿前外隐沟的视觉反应维持密集的ALLS/PLLS互连。LS是纹状体视觉投射的主要来源。由于已知纹状体活动通过黑质网状部（SNr）的双抑制性gaba -能连接来调节SC中深层输出神经元的活动，因此表明来自LS的皮质加工视觉信息不仅可以通过皮质顶投射直接影响上丘深层神经元，还可以通过基底节区间接影响上丘深层神经元。结果表明，所有LS区域都投射到前视核的各个区域以及副视系统的所有核。这些叔叔被认为是视网膜和前动眼肌结构之间的重要的视觉-视觉-运动传递。此外，本研究的皮质顶叶投影结果证实了以往的研究结果。在本研究中，单次局部注射生物胞素后，可以在距离注射部位相当远的距离（8-10毫米）内观察到标记的轴突和终末。这个距离是相当长的皮层内连接，这表明LS内部相当大的内在连通性不仅可以连接给定区域内的子区域，还可以跨区域连接。此外，注射内侧库后，在外侧库中分布有大量标记的轴突和终末，而注射外侧库后内侧库中检测到的标记很少。另一方面，all - amls的前端和PLLS-PMLS的尾部具有中等的相互连接。因此，左系内的主要信息流趋向于中外侧方向。在目前的生物细胞素实验中，面内投影的层流分布表现出类似的模式，与注射部位的背侧和中外侧位置无关。因此，这些末端标记分布在颗粒上层和颗粒下层。此外，我们的WGA-HRP实验表明，all、PLLS、AMLS、PMLS和眼底都接受来自颗粒上和颗粒下皮质层的面内传入投射。使用上述的一些等级标准，LS子区域之间的相互联系似乎没有明确的等级关系，或者可能有前馈和反馈途径。少

The present data revealed dense striate projections to PMLS and to caudal most aspect of PLLS and moderate to weak projections to AMLS/PLLS.No projection to ALLS was observed. Visually responsive along the anterior ectosylvian sulcus maintains dense interconnections ALLS/PLLS.LS is the predominate source of extrastriate visual projections to the striatum. Because striatal activity is known to modulate the activity of deep laminae output neurons in SC by way of double inhibitory GABA-ergic connections through the pars reticulata of the substantia nigra (SNr), it has been suggested that cortically-processed visual information from LS can not only influence neurons in the deep laminae of superior colliculusdirectly via corticotectal projections but also indirectly via the basal ganglia.The present results indicated that all LS regions project to various regions of the pretectal nuclei as well as all nuclei of the accessory optic system. These unclei have been known as an important visuo-m … More otor relay between the retina and pre-oculomotor structures. Furthermore, the present results on the corticotectal projections from LS confirmed those of previous studies.In the present study, the labeled axons and terminals from a single, focal injection of biocytin could be observed rostrocaudally within each bank up to rather long distance (8-10 mm) from injection site. This distance is considerably long intracortical connections, suggesting that the considerable intrinsic connectivity within LS serves not only to link subregions within a given region but across regions as well. Furthermore, following medial bank injections, a number of labeled axons and terminals were distributed in the lateral bank, while very few label could be detected in the medial bank after lateral bank injections. On the other hand, the rostralmost of ALLS-AMLS and the caudalmost of PLLS-PMLS have moderate reciprocal interconnections. Thus, the main stream of information within LS tends to be the mediolateral direction. In the present biocytin experiments, the laminar distribution of intra-areal projection exhibited a similar pattern which was independent of the rostrocaudal as well as mediolateral position of the injection site. Thus, these terminal labelings were distributed in both supra-and infragranular layrs. Furthermore, our WGA-HRP experiments indicated that ALLS,PLLS,AMLS,PMLS,and fundus all receive intra-areal afferent projections from both the supragranular and infragranular cortical layrs. Using a number of hierarchical criteria as described above, the interconnections among LS subregions seems to be no clear hierachial relationship among subregions of LS or may have feed-forward and feed-back pathways. Less