Development of a minimally-invasive magnetic system for high-quality wireless eye movement tracking in non-human primates

开发微创磁系统,用于非人类灵长类动物的高质量无线眼动跟踪

基本信息

项目摘要

Precise tracking of eye position is critical in a great variety of sensory, cognitive, and motor control investigations of brain function. In human and non-human primates, the majority of experiments nowadays rely on non-invasive video-based eye trackers, which have experienced significant improvements in performance during the last few decades. However, for tiny fixational eye movements, which are emerging to play important roles in cognition and in reformatting of the spatio-temporal statistics of images entering into the visual system, video-based eye trackers are still lacking. For example, for drift eye movements that continuously occur in between saccades and microsaccades, the position variation of the eye is on the order of approximately 1 minute of arc. Factors as simple as pupil diameter variations (due to varying light intensities or changes in internal state) make such small scales of eye movements simply unmeasurable with trackers that rely on pupil images. This has rendered human investigations of ocular drifts rare. In non-human primates, which constitute our focus here, the gold standard for eye tracking remains the scleral search coil technique, first described in the middle of the previous century. While this technique is suitable for studying even the tiniest of fixational eye movements, it is a highly invasive technique that requires surgical implantation of a coil of wire around the eye orbit, threading of such wire under the skin for several centimeters to a connector on the skull, and a chronic “open wound” in the skin of the head at the site of the connector. Besides the difficulty of the surgical procedure itself, potentials for wire breakage (due to hundreds of thousands of ballistic eye movements every day) and infections (due to a chronic open wound at the connector) result in needs for additional re-implantation surgeries. Our goal here is to develop a minimally-invasive eye tracking system for non-human primates. The technique uses wireless sensing of magnetic fields that rotate with the eye, and it has been demonstrated previously for small animals (e.g. rodents). It is minimally-invasive because it requires only a single implantation surgery, to implant tiny magnets around the eye orbit for creating the magnetic field. The 1-time surgery is much simpler than the implant surgery needed for scleral search coils. Using extensive theoretical and simulation preliminary experiments, we show that approaching the quality of scleral search coils is possible with this proposed technique. Our purpose in the proposed research is to demonstrate successful in vivo performance, and to exhaustively benchmark it against the two ends of the spectra of eye tracking: video-based and invasive search coils. We will make our method, which is much cheaper than both video-based and search coil techniques, openly available to the wider non-human primate community as soon as possible.
精确的眼睛位置跟踪在对大脑功能的各种感觉、认知和运动控制研究中是至关重要的。在人类和非人类灵长类动物中,目前的大多数实验都依赖于基于视频的非侵入性眼球跟踪器,在过去的几十年里,这种跟踪器的性能有了显著的提高。然而,对于正在出现的在认知和重新格式化进入视觉系统的图像的时空统计中发挥重要作用的微小注视眼球运动,基于视频的眼球跟踪器仍然缺乏。例如,对于在扫视和微扫视之间连续发生的漂移眼球运动,眼睛的位置变化约为1分钟弧度的量级。像瞳孔直径变化这样简单的因素(由于不同的光线强度或内部状态的变化)使得依赖于瞳孔图像的跟踪器无法测量如此小的眼球运动尺度。这使得人类对眼球漂移的研究变得罕见。在非人类灵长类动物中,眼球跟踪的黄金标准仍然是上个世纪中叶首次描述的巩膜搜索线圈技术。虽然这项技术适用于研究哪怕是最微小的凝视性眼球运动,但它是一种高度侵入性的技术,需要在眼眶周围手术植入一圈钢丝,将这种钢丝在皮肤下穿几厘米到头骨上的连接器,并在连接器部位的头部皮肤上留下一个慢性“开放伤口”。除了手术本身的困难外,钢丝断裂(由于每天数十万次弹道眼球运动)和感染(由于连接器上的慢性开放伤口)导致需要额外的重新植入手术。我们的目标是为非人类灵长类动物开发一种微创的眼睛跟踪系统。这项技术使用无线感应随眼睛旋转的磁场,之前已经在小型动物(如啮齿动物)上演示过。它是微创的,因为它只需要一次植入手术,在眼眶周围植入微小的磁铁来产生磁场。一次手术比巩膜搜索线圈所需的植入手术简单得多。利用大量的理论和模拟初步实验,我们证明了使用该技术可以接近巩膜搜索线圈的质量。我们在拟议的研究中的目的是展示成功的活体性能,并根据眼球跟踪频谱的两端:基于视频的搜索线圈和侵入性搜索线圈,对其进行详尽的基准测试。我们将尽快向更广泛的非人类灵长类动物社区开放我们的方法,它比基于视频的技术和搜索线圈技术都便宜得多。

项目成果

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Professor Dr. Ziad Hafed, Ph.D.其他文献

Professor Dr. Ziad Hafed, Ph.D.的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Professor Dr. Ziad Hafed, Ph.D.', 18)}}的其他基金

Bbrainstem control of slow ocular drifts during gaze fixation
脑干控制凝视过程中缓慢的眼球漂移
  • 批准号:
    355031918
  • 财政年份:
    2017
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Research Units
The influence of feature salience over microsaccades in normal and blindsight humans and monkeys: an experimental and theoretical investigation
特征显着性对正常和盲视人类和猴子微扫视的影响:实验和理论研究
  • 批准号:
    235772571
  • 财政年份:
    2013
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grants
Peripheral-to-foveal cortico-collicular processing of visual information across eye movements
眼球运动过程中视觉信息的外周至中心凹皮质-丘脑处理
  • 批准号:
    520283985
  • 财政年份:
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Priority Programmes

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    2023
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