Ophiuroid phylogenomics: Illuminating “dark” abyssal biodiversity

蛇类系统发育组学：照亮“黑暗”深海生物多样性

• 批准号: 447193030
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Pedro M. Martinez Arbizu
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Museums Victoria
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Priority Programmes
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/447193030?language=en
• 关键词: Ophiuroid; phylogenomics; Illuminating; dark; abyssal

The abyssal plains represent perhaps the single largest contiguous ecosystem and it is believed to be major reservoirs of biodiversity. Large areas of abyssal plains are known to have economically important concentrations of polymetallic nodules, while the largest and commercially important reservoir of nodules occurs in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ). Future deep-sea mining of this resource will inevitably impact one of the most remote and least known environments on Earth and result in massive habitat loss and probably species extinctions. Ophiuroids (brittle stars) are amongst the most conspicuous mega-faunal invertebrates on these abyssal plain. Because of the biological variation expressed within the order, ophiuroids provide an excellent model for studying evolutionary hypotheses in unique environments such as the abyssal plains and disentangle processes that shape the distribution of biodiversity. Even more so, as a recent study of us, resulted in the discovery of three hitherto unknown, ancient (>70 Mya) multi-taxon lineages of uncertain origin. The project aims to infer the evolutionary history of Ophiuroidea and uncover the "dark" (undescribed) biodiversity in the abyssal deep-sea. For this reason a comprehensive study by combining traditional (first-generation Sanger sequencing, morphology) and innovative approaches (Next Generation transcriptome-enabled exon capture) will be employed. Museum and newly collected specimens will be identified after morphological examination for which the use of Scanning Electron Microscope will allow finer scale analysis. First-generation Sanger sequencing will be applied in order to obtain DNA sequence data of 2 markers with different attributes that will provide an essential resource for the identification of species, as well as complement existing DNA barcode reference libraries. Furthermore, a cutting edge next-generation process will be employed to target and sequence over 1500 exons. The large multi-locus dataset produced will allow the reconstruction of a robust, well resolved, phylogenetic framework necessary for describing the evolutionary history of deep-sea brittle stars by inferring a highly resolved molecular phylogeny and estimating divergence dates between major lineages. Using a multidisciplinary taxonomical approach (molecular, morphological, distributional data), species boundaries will be determined and new species described.

深渊平原可能代表了最大的连续生态系统，被认为是生物多样性的主要水库。已知深渊平原的大面积具有经济上重要的聚合物结节，而最大和商业上重要的结节储层发生在Clarion-Clipperton带（CCZ）中。该资源的未来深海开采将不可避免地影响地球上最遥远，最不知名的环境之一，并导致巨大的栖息地丧失以及可能的物种灭绝。蛇毒（脆性恒星）是这些深渊平原上最明显的巨型无脊椎动物之一。由于在该顺序内表达的生物学变异，因此在独特环境中研究进化假设（例如深渊平原和塑造生物多样性分布的散布过程），为研究进化假设提供了出色的模型。正如我们最近对我们的一项研究一样，更重要的是发现了三个迄今未知的，古老的（> 70个Mya）多人taxon谱系的不确定来源。该项目旨在推断ophiuroidea的进化史，并揭示深度深海深海中的“黑暗”（未描述）生物多样性。因此，将采用传统的（第一代Sanger测序，形态学）和创新方法（下一代转录组捕获）来进行全面研究。在形态学检查后，将确定博物馆和新收集的标本，使用扫描电子显微镜将允许更精细的尺度分析。将应用第一代Sanger测序，以获取具有不同属性的2个标记的DNA序列数据，这些标记将为识别物种提供必不可少的资源，并补充现有的DNA条形码参考文献。此外，将采用尖端的下一代过程来靶向1500个外显子。产生的大型多量表数据集将允许重建可靠，完善的，完善的系统发育框架，通过推断出高度分辨的分子系统发育和估计主要谱系之间的差异日期来描述深海脆性恒星的进化历史。使用多学科分类学方法（分子，形态，分布数据），将确定物种边界并描述新物种。