Development and contexts of the Syriac Christian Anti-Jewish Literature in North Mesopotamia (5th‒ early 6th century)

本研究旨在分析世纪初北美索不达米亚叙利亚反犹文学的历史脉络和发展趋势。争论文学的问题是特别重要的，因为语言接近的经典叙利亚语的犹太巴比伦阿拉姆语。然而，到目前为止，它在学术界几乎完全被忽视了。该项目的主要来源是一个语料库的未知诗讲道Narsai（+ C。500)和萨鲁格的雅各布（+ 521），部分已于2017年出版（雅各布），部分仍在手稿（Narsai）中，以及这两位作者的Adversus Judaeos作品，这些作品已经知道了很长一段时间，但仍然未被研究。该项目的目的是研究早期叙利亚叙事中发现的反犹太主题的接受情况，例如Narsai和Jacob的新诗布道中的Addai的教导，Protonike传说或Kyriakos传说，并调查是否这些讲道发挥了任何作用，在后来的叙利亚反犹太文本的发展（例如，叙利亚传统的Transitus Mariae或叙利亚朱利安浪漫）。这些过程的背景化和Narsai和Jacob的Adversus Judaeos作品将澄清这些作者在哪些情况下与犹太宗教的代表，犹太基督徒，外邦犹太人或基督教异教徒争论称为“犹太人”。它也将调查他们的论战在多大程度上取决于宗教政治和意识形态的基督教国家对犹太人。最后，它应解决的问题，关于可能的干扰之间的基督教忏悔的两个作者（“hysism”[雅各]和“nestorhisty”[Narsai]），以及他们各自的环境（拜占庭帝国[雅各]和萨珊帝国[Narsai，从489]），一方面，他们对犹太人的态度，另一方面。这个项目的新奇在于解决作为一个统一的学术忽视，大量的文学作品的叙利亚反犹太文学在5世纪初世纪，并在寻找合理的历史背景下，这一现象。通过这样做，申请人打算阐明一个几乎不为人知的方面，犹太教和基督教的关系在古代晚期。该项目的结果也将有助于解释叙利亚反穆斯林的论战文献，因为这些文献在很大程度上依赖于反犹太人的文献。研究成果将发表在一些期刊上，这些期刊可以合并成一本书。

This research project focuses on the analysis of the historical contexts and the development trends of the Syriac anti-Jewish literature in North Mesopotamia in the 5th‒ early 6th century. The polemical literature in question is of special importance because of the linguistic proximity of the classic Syriac to the Jewish Babylonian Aramaic. Nevertheless, it has been almost completely neglected in the scholarship so far. The main sources of the project are a corpus of the unknown verse homilies by Narsai (+ c. 500) and Jacob of Sarug (+ 521), which have been partly published in 2017 (Jacob) and partly remain available in the manuscripts (Narsai) as well as the Adversus Judaeos works by the same two authors, which have been known for a long time but still remain unstudied. The purpose of the project is to study the reception of the anti-Jewish motifs found in the earlier Syriac narratives, such as the Teaching of Addai, the Protonike Legend or the Kyriakos Legend in the new verse homilies by Narsai and Jacob, and to investigate whether these homilies played any role in the development of later Syriac anti-Jewish texts (e.g. the Syriac tradition of the Transitus Mariae or the Syriac Julian Romance). The contextualization of these processes and the Adversus Judaeos works by Narsai and Jacob shall clarify in which cases these authors had to do with representatives of the Jewish religion, Jewish Christians, Gentile Judaizers or with Christian heretics polemically called "Jews". It shall be also investigated to what extent their polemics depended on the religious politics and ideology of the Christian state with respect to the Jews. Finally, it shall be addressed the question about possible interferences between the Christian confession of the two authors ("hysism" [Jacob] and "nestorianism" [Narsai]) as well as their respective surroundings (Byzantine Empire [Jacob] and Sasanian Empire [Narsai, from 489]) on the one hand, and their attitude towards the Jews, on the other. The novelty of this project lies in addressing as a unity the scholarly neglected, vast literary production of the Syriac anti-Jewish literature in the 5th ‒ early 6th century, and in searching for plausible historical contexts of this phenomenon. By doing so, the applicant intends to elucidate an almost unknown facet of the Jewish-Christian relations in Late Antiquity. The project results will also be relevant for the interpretation of the Syriac anti-Muslim polemic literature, which heavily relies on the anti-Jewish one. The research results shall be made available in a number of journal publications which can be combined in a book.