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Studies on Change in Employment and Employment Law with Changing Economic Structure from Empirical and Legal-Comparative Perspective.

实证与法律比较视角下经济结构变化下的就业及就业法变迁研究。

基本信息

批准号：
14202007
负责人：
TEZUKA Kazuaki
金额：
$ 21.88万
依托单位：
Chiba University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Economic globalization causes drastic structural change of employment and economy in developed countries, including Japan. The change that our study shows is in the following.First : Recently, employment placement agencies and worker dispatching services increasingly mediate employment relations between employer and employee, therefore a part of employment relations changes into relations among three players. For regulation of private fee-charging employment agencies and labor supply, not only the Anglo-Saxon countries that have little regulation, but also the Continental European countries that so far strictly regulated them are advancing relaxation because of European globalization. In Japan, it is confirmed that firms have attempted to reduce regular workers and to transform seniority-based wage system into performance-based wage system. The ratio of part-time workers and dispatched workers has climbed gradually.Second : The above-mentioned change in Japanese employment system decreases global competitiveness especially in sphere of Japanese high-technology. Lag of research and development, partly caused by defects of employee invention system, has delayed new development and corporations that failed to produce high value-added products have reduce their performance.Third : We have originally attempted to predict the trend of population and labor force in Japan, and the result shows that both the decline of Japanese birthrate and increase of the aged population will take place. From this prospect, we advance the preferable way of pension system, labor market, employment of aged people, and framework of labor and employment law. In addition, for the reason mentioned above, it is discussed as political issue whether to accept more foreign workers or not. While ca.2 million foreign workers stay in Japan, present social and legal system is inadequate to treat them. Our study points out present problems and proposes preferable policies about foreign workers.

经济全球化使包括日本在内的发达国家的就业结构和经济结构发生了剧烈的变化。本研究显示的变化有以下几点：第一，近年来，职业介绍机构和劳务派遣机构越来越多地调解雇主和雇员之间的雇佣关系，因此一部分雇佣关系转变为三方关系。对于私人收费职业介绍所和劳动力供给的管制，不仅是几乎没有管制的盎格鲁-撒克逊国家，而且迄今为止一直严格管制的欧洲大陆国家，也因为欧洲的全球化而正在推进放松管制。在日本，可以肯定的是，企业已经试图减少正式工人，并将基于资历的工资制度转变为基于绩效的工资制度。第二，日本雇佣制度的上述变化降低了日本在全球的竞争力，特别是在高科技领域。研究和开发的滞后，部分是由于员工发明制度的缺陷，导致新的开发延迟，未能生产高附加值产品的企业业绩下降。第三，我们最初试图预测日本的人口和劳动力的趋势，结果表明日本的出生率下降和老年人口增加都将发生。从这一前景出发，提出了养老金制度、劳动力市场、老年人就业、劳动就业法律框架的优化路径。此外，由于上述原因，是否接受更多的外国工人作为政治问题进行了讨论。虽然约有200万外国工人留在日本，但目前的社会和法律的制度不足以对待他们。本研究指出了目前存在的问题，并提出了更好的政策。