"Global Standard" and "Local Identity" in the Western History

本研究将“全球本位”与“地方认同”的对立与反抗作为一种现象和一个问题在欧洲历史上反复出现过，并以此作为西方文明的结构。本文旨在阐明各个时代的发展和特点，同时叙述欧洲与欧洲周边世界文化相互关系的经验。在古代，我们关注控制人类世界的标准的形成，并考察中世纪基督教欧洲的形成和区域文化的发展。在近代和当代两个层面上，阐明了近代欧洲扩张与民族认同形成所引发的外部世界文化冲突的特点。最后，通过相互总结，从整体的角度提炼和澄清了西方世界的“全球本位”和“本土认同”的特征。并从历史研究的结果中，尝试提出了在当代缓解二者对抗的有益的现实建议。

This research studies the structure of the confrontation and the resistance of "Global standard" and "Local identity" in the Western civilization as a phenomenon and a problem that had been repeated many times in the history of the Europe. And this aimed to clarify developments and characteristics in each age, while relating the experience of the cultural interrelationship between Europe and the world adjacent to Europe.On the ancient times, we focused to the formation of standard which controlled human world, and examined the formation of Christianity Europe and the development of a regional culture in the Middle Ages. On the modern ages and the present age, we clarified the characteristic of the cultural clash caused between the external worlds as Europe expanded with the formation of the national identity in modern ages. Additionally, we has approached a structural historical characteristic of the identity of an American society in modern days, and grappled with globalism and a regional problem through the aspect of the world adjacent to Europe.Finally, generalized each other researches, the characteristic of "Global standard" in the West world and "Local identity" was extracted and clarified from the overall viewpoint. And, the view of a profitable and practical suggestion of the prescription of easing of the confrontation of both at the present age was tried from the result of such a historical study.