"Global Standard" and "Local Identity" in the Western History

本研究将西方文明中“全球标准”与“地方认同”的对抗与抵抗作为在欧洲历史上多次重复的现象和问题进行研究。这样做的目的是澄清每个时代的发展和特征，同时将欧洲和毗邻欧洲的世界之间的文化相互关系的经验联系起来。在古代，我们着眼于控制人类世界的标准的形成，考察了中世纪基督教欧洲的形成和地域文化的发展。在近代与现当代的问题上，我们厘清了近代欧洲随着民族认同的形成而扩张的过程中，外部世界之间所产生的文化冲突的特征。此外，我们还探讨了现代美国社会身份的结构性历史特征，并通过与欧洲相邻的世界方面来解决全球主义和区域问题。最后，对彼此的研究进行概括，从整体的角度提炼和厘清西方世界的“全球标准”与“本土认同”的特征。并试图从这一历史研究的结果出发，为当前缓和双方对抗的处方提出有益而实用的建议。

This research studies the structure of the confrontation and the resistance of "Global standard" and "Local identity" in the Western civilization as a phenomenon and a problem that had been repeated many times in the history of the Europe. And this aimed to clarify developments and characteristics in each age, while relating the experience of the cultural interrelationship between Europe and the world adjacent to Europe.On the ancient times, we focused to the formation of standard which controlled human world, and examined the formation of Christianity Europe and the development of a regional culture in the Middle Ages. On the modern ages and the present age, we clarified the characteristic of the cultural clash caused between the external worlds as Europe expanded with the formation of the national identity in modern ages. Additionally, we has approached a structural historical characteristic of the identity of an American society in modern days, and grappled with globalism and a regional problem through the aspect of the world adjacent to Europe.Finally, generalized each other researches, the characteristic of "Global standard" in the West world and "Local identity" was extracted and clarified from the overall viewpoint. And, the view of a profitable and practical suggestion of the prescription of easing of the confrontation of both at the present age was tried from the result of such a historical study.