Structure and function of species interaction network in forest ecosystem which declined by herbivore

位于日本中部纪伊半岛的大田原山的森林最近遭受了由于梅花鹿(Cervus Nippon)数量增加而导致的森林砍伐，梅花鹿剥光了许多针叶树的树皮，导致了枯萎。树冠损失增加了森林内的光线，使森林地面变得密布着萨萨草，这种草在更多的光照下生长得很好。莎草的密盖抑制了针叶树苗在林地上的生长和存活。鹿在吃树苗。因此，奥代加原山的森林已经部分从针叶林变成了萨萨草原。密林向沙萨草地的转变影响了生物群落的结构和功能。例如，梅花鹿的密集种群减少了鸟类群落的多样性和丰富度，但不会通过粪便供应增加粪甲虫群落的多样性或丰富度。

Forests in Mt.Ohdaigahara, located on the Kii Peninsula in central Japan, has recently suffered deforestation caused by an increasing population of sika deer (Cervus nippon), which strip the bark of many coniferous trees, causing dieback. Canopy loss increased light inside the forest, allowing the forest floor to become densely covered with sasa grass, which grows well with more light. The dense covering of sasa grass inhibited conifer seedlings from growing and surviving on the forest floor. Seedlings were browsed by the deer. As a result, the forest in Mt.Ohdaigahara has been partly changed form coniferous forest to sasa grassland. The change from dense forest into sasa grassland affected the community structure and function of organisms. For example, a dense population of sika deer decreases the diversity and abundance of bird communities, but not increases the diversity or abundance of dung beetle assemblages through dung supply.