Study of Transdermal Delivery of Lidocaine by AC Iontophoresis : Interrelationship of frequency, voltage and the concentration of lidocaine in tissue.

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Iontophoresis is one of electrical methods that have been employed to enhance drug transportation across the skin. This delivery method transports ionized substances through skin or mucous membranes utilizing an electrical force. Iontophoresis using direct current (DC) has been used as a drug delivery method based on the principle. However complications such as skin burning, itching and redness have been associated with DC iontophoresis. Furthermore, the operating time of DC iontophoresis is limited because of the polarization effect.Alternating current produces less electrode polarization than DC and avoids side effects mentioned above. It was found that AC electric field transport drug more effectively across the skin. We proposed a theoretical model of the mechanism of high frequency AC iontophoresis.We found that lidocaine could be transported through extirpated abdominal rat skin and cellophane membrane in vivo and in vitro. In vitro we used two cylindrical glass diffusion cells in parallel to the cellophane membrane and extirpated abdominal rat skin, In vivo we developed original drug delivery cell with two platinum circular plates to fit rat skin tightly.The lodocaine concentration after the application of frequency and voltage increased than passive diffusion significantly.A sinusoidal wave was used in these studies, but now we are trying to search for the best electrical condition, for example using a square wave.To transport drugs more effectively we try to develop new cells and apply this system for another drug, non-ionized molecule and macromolecule and so on.