From Kura-Araxes to Early Kurgans. Tracing 3rd millennium social and cultural changes in the Kura river valley (Georgia and Azerbaijan). Environment, food, chronology.

从库拉-阿拉克斯到早期库尔干人。

• 批准号: 449507523
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Svend Hansen
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Laboratoire Archéorient (UMR 5133)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/449507523?language=en
• 关键词: Kura; Araxes; Early; Kurgans.; Tracing

The KUR(A)GAN project aims at investigating the radical changes in social orders, economy, cultural values and lifestyles during the third millennium BCE in South Caucasus. Over a short period of time, the stability of a non-hierarchal societal model was shuttered and replaced by a completely different type of society (so-called Early Kurgan) featuring sharp vertical social differences, organised along high-ranking chiefs and founded on display and accumulation of metals. The so-called "Kura Araxes Culture", which developed systematically in South Caucasus as early as 3400 BCE, centered on the household and horizontal kinship relations and featuring an egalitarian social ideology represented for almost one millennium the socio-cultural expression of small-scale sedentary societies of the Caucasian highlands. Why did the Kura Araxes communities and socio-cultural system disappeared around 2600 BCE and were replaced by hierarchized communities featuring a mobile lifestyle and different cultural traditions, among which the new burial custom of the funerary tumuli (Kurgans)? To answer this question and account for an all-encompassing "systemic" change that disrupted the South Caucasian social trajectories, we propose an interdisciplinary project based on a multiscalar approach combing field (settlements and kurgans excavations) and laboratory activities (archaeozoology, archaeobotany, pollen, isotopic analyses). This data aim at characterising and comparing Kura-Araxes and Early Kurgan societies in terms of subsistence strategies, diets, economy ,cultural practices and lifestyles and at producing new palaeonevironmental and palaeoclimatic data to investigate the role of environmental and climatic evolutions in these radical transformations. One of the key and innovative issues of our research is the establishment, for the first time in South Caucasus, of an independent climate curve for the 3rd millennium BCE thanks to the perfect wood conservation of numerous Kurgans that will be the object of specific dendroclimatological research. A large series of AMS-14C analyses from old and new excavations, coupled with dendrochronological dates, will construct a new robust and refined third-millennium chronology. The geographical focus of this research lies in Georgia and Azerbaijan where the German-French research group will collaborate with local colleagues. The Kura River Valley bridging these two countries, serves as the backbone connecting ecologically diverse areas in which the sites of interest are located. Starting from the lowland sites of Tsikhia Gora and Doghlauri, Hasansu and Uzun Rama, the project will unfold along the Alazani and the Qaraçay rivers where kurgans and the site of Qaraçinar will be investigated. Finally, research in the Tsalka plateau in Georgia, where both excavations of kurgans and environmental investigations will be carried out, will complement information from the highland regions.

KUR（A）GAN项目旨在调查南高加索公元前第三千年的社会秩序，经济，文化价值和生活方式的根本变化。在短时间内，非等级社会模型的稳定性被关闭，并由完全不同类型的社会（所谓的早期库尔根）取代，这些社会具有尖锐的垂直社会差异，这些社会差异是在高级酋长沿着高级酋长组织组织的，并以表现出来和金属积累为基础。所谓的“ Kura Araxes文化”早在公元前3400年就在南高加索地区系统地发展，以家庭和横向亲属关系为中心，并以近100千年的社会文化为代表了近100千年的社会社会理想学，该社会文化表达了高地高地的小型久坐社会的社会表达。为什么Kura Araxes社区和社会文化制度在公元前2600年左右消失，并被以移动生活方式和不同的文化传统为特色的等级社区所取代，其中葬礼的新埋葬习俗（库尔加尼斯）的新埋葬习俗？为了回答这个问题并说明了破坏南高加索社会轨迹的无所不包的“系统性”变化，我们提出了一个基于多斯卡方法组合的跨学科项目（定居点和库尔加人挖掘）和实验室活动（Archaeozoogogogy，Archaeobotogy，Archaeobotany，pollaeobotany，pollen，pollen，sopopic Analyzes）。该数据旨在在生存策略，饮食，经济，文化实践和生活方式方面表征和比较库拉 - 阿拉克斯和早期的库尔根社会，以及生产新的古环境和古环境数据，以研究这些激进转化中环境和气候发展的作用。我们研究的关键和创新问题之一是，这是公元前3千年的独立气候曲线的首次建立，这要归功于众多库尔甘人的完美保护，这将是特定的树突气候研究的对象。来自新旧发掘的一系列AMS-14C分析，再加上树突年代的日期，将构建一个新的健壮且精致的第三千年时间。这项研究的地理重点在于佐治亚州和阿塞拜疆，德国法国研究小组将与当地同事合作。库拉河谷（Kura River Valley）桥接这两个国家，用作连接感兴趣地点的生态多样地区的骨干。从Tsikhia Gora和Doghlauri，Hasansu和Uzun Rama的低地站点开始，该项目将沿着Alazani和Qaraçay河流展开，库尔甘斯和Qarazinar遗址将被调查。最后，将在佐治亚州的Tsalka Plateau进行的研究，在那里将进行库尔班人的发掘和环境调查，并将完成高地地区的信息。