Studies in the Neolithic settlement of Pietrele and landscape development in the Lower Danube region.

在Pietrele/罗马尼亚的考古发掘和古生态研究从一开始就指导了调查，这一联系非常成功，并揭示了多瑙河下游公元前6至5千年的全新图景。最近两年的研究表明，Pietrele不仅在铜器时代，而且在新石器时代中晚期也有人居住。因此，公元前5200年至公元前4250年的整个时期都可以被记录下来。皮埃特勒是该地区唯一已知的具有如此长延续性的定居点。因此，它是了解新石器时代晚期向铜器时代转变的一个杰出地点。同时，多瑙河下游优秀的地理档案为将定居点置于其景观背景中提供了可能性。覆盖多瑙河下游河谷大部分地区的大型古湖泊的证据为该地区的史前景观提供了新的线索。考古调查将在罗马尼亚南部建立一个基于放射性碳的新石器时代中晚期的年表。罗马尼亚南部的新石器时代已经被忽视了二十多年。其中一个问题是，铜器时代的创新是否可以用新石器时代的发展来解释，或者是从外部引入的。对景观发展的研究远远超出了以往的研究，因为现在的研究重点是从新石器时代到铜器时代的沉积物序列。根据这一阶段考古遗址附近的岩心，我们将在Pietrele和多瑙河三角洲之间进行，我们想要弄清楚古湖的范围，它发展的原因，它是否在新石器时代就已经完全存在了，以及它是如何影响多瑙河下游的定居点发展的。对新石器时代和铜时代遗址的崩塌沉积物的研究应提供土地利用强度的信息，有助于评估人类对湖泊生态条件的影响。环境变化将通过对沉积物样品的地球化学和其他分析来探测。基于OSL-和14c测年，建立了年代地层。关注新石器时代和铜器时代应该有助于确认聚落作为一种湖泊文化的特殊地位。最后，将考古学和沉积学/古生态学数据整合到新石器时代和铜器时代定居发展和环境变化的模型中

The connection of archaeological excavation and palaeoecological research in Pietrele/Romania which guided the investigations from the beginning has been very successful and revealed an entirely new picture of the 6th and 5th millennium BC at the Lower Danube. The recent work in the last two years made clear that Pietrele was inhabited not only during the Copper Age but also in the Middle and Late Neolithic. Thus the entire period between 5200 and 4250 BC can be documented. Pietrele is the only known settlement with such a long continuity in the region. Therefore it is an outstanding site for understanding the transformation from Late Neolithic to Copper Age.At the same time excellent geoarchives at the Lower Danube open the possibility to place the settlement in its landscape context. The proof of a large palaeo-lake which covered large parts of the Lower Danube valley shed new light on the prehistoric landscape in the region.The archaeological investigation will built up a radiocarbon based chronology of the middle and late Neolithic in South Romania. The Neolithic in Southern Romania has been neglected since more than two decades. One of the questions is, if the copper age innovations can be explained by the neolithic development or were introduced from outside. Research on landscape development goes far beyond the previous studies as it now focuses on sediment sequences representing the time span from the Neolithic to the Copper-Age period. Based on corings close to archaeological sites of this phase, which will be conducted between Pietrele and the Danube delta, we want to figure out the extent of the palaeo lake, the reasons for its development, whether it already existed to its full extent during the Neolithic period, and how it affected settlement development along the Lower Danube. Studies on colluvial deposits at Neolithic and Copper-Age sites should provide information on land use intensity helping to assess the human impact on the ecological conditions of the lake. Environmental changes will be detected by means of geochemical and other analyses of sediment samples. A chronostratigraphy will be established based on OSL- and 14C-dating. Focusing on the Neolithic and Copper-Age period should help to confirm the special position of the settlements as a lake culture. Finally, the archaeological and sedimentological/palaeoecological data will be integrated in a model of the Neolithic and Copper-Age settlement development and environmental changes