Global Competitiveness of Chinese Manufacturing Industry, and R＆D, Production Strategy of Japanese Enterprises-from the Perspective of Product Architecture

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"Analysis of the Architecture of Chinese manufacturing Industry" was published in 2005, as a significant achievement of this research. The conclusion is summarized as follows :First, Chinese firms tend to have strength in labor-intensive modular architecture goods while Japanese firms tend to demonstrate global competitiveness in knowledge-intensive integral architecture goods.Second, many machinery industries of China have a mechanism that transforms the existing architecture of a product, which is the significant difference from the manufacturing industry of India and ASEAN countries. That is to say, the Chinese manufacturing firms tend to copy and modify parts of foreign original product, interpret them as de-facto generic components, assemble them by mix-and match methods, and create so-called 'quasi-open modular architectural product.Third, quasi-open modular architecture (above mentioned) is the important element that explains the basic characteristic of Chinese industry such as the flooding of firms, the decrease of prices, the loss of R＆D spending and technological lock-in (the continuance of widespread imitation and modified duplication).Based on the fruit of this research, we started the investigation to compare the analysis result of Chinese manufacturing industry with that of India and ASEAN countries. In the result, we understood some remarkable differences from China such as the comparatively high retention rate of the general worker in Vietnam, the oligopoly competition due to few imitation goods manufacturer in India, the disapproval of a motorcycle of modular architecture made in the market in Thailand, and so on.We plan to analyze systematically such differences from a dynamic perspective of path dependency.