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Characterizations of Amazonian Woods in Relation to the Evolution of Woody Plants

亚马逊森林特征与木本植物进化的关系

基本信息

批准号：
15255016
负责人：
FUKUSHIMA Kazuhiko
金额：
$ 17.56万
依托单位：
Nagoya University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15255016/
关键词：
Amazon lignin tree xylem wood rein forest extractives cell wall テーブルマウンテン成長応力

项目摘要

Amazonia is one of the treasures for bioresources on the earth, since the most valuable species of plants grew naturally in the Amazon river basin. However, according to a reliable data, 17,000km 2 of the Amazonian forest area continues to be lost every year by slash-and-burn agriculture and over-pasturage. Selection and breedings of useful woods which have high abilities of environmental adaptation are very important subjects for not only restoration of the lost tropical rain forest but also for utilization of woods. Creation of new value of woods would lead to a sustainable wood management of appropriate deforest and afforestation. Although plant taxonomy on Amazonian woods has been well studied, there are few comprehensive researches about xylem morphogenesis and evaluation of wood quality that are essential for wood utilization.Our purpose of this work is to investigate physicochemical properties of the cell wall, which is a critical factor affecting the wood quality, in terms of environmental adaptation and genetic taxonomy. We focus on xylem morphogenesis of woody plants ranging over Mato Grosso located in the northwest region of Brazil. The specific densities of Amazonian woods were 0.5〜1.18, which are relatively higher than that of Japanese species. The MeOH-extractives of Angelim-Vermelho and Castanha-do-Paral showed significantly high percentages. Syringyl/Guaiacyl ratios in lignin ranged from 0.6 to 1.77.

亚马逊流域是地球上生物资源的宝藏之一，因为最有价值的植物物种在亚马逊河流域自然生长。然而，据可靠数据显示，由于刀耕火种农业和过度放牧，每年仍有17,000平方公里的亚马逊森林面积继续消失。选育具有较高环境适应能力的有用木材，不仅对于恢复消失的热带雨林，而且对于木材的利用都是非常重要的课题。创造木材的新价值将导致适当砍伐森林和植树造林的可持续木材管理。尽管亚马逊森林的植物分类学已经得到了很好的研究，但对木材利用所必需的木质部形态发生和木材质量评价的综合研究还很少。这项工作的目的是从环境适应和遗传分类学的角度研究细胞壁的理化特性，细胞壁是影响木材质量的关键因素。我们专注于巴西西北部马托格罗索州木本植物的木质部形态发生。亚马逊木材的比密度为0.5〜1.18，相对高于日本树种。 Angelim-Vermelho 和 Castanha-do-Paral 的甲醇提取物显示出非常高的百分比。木质素中的紫丁香基/愈创木基比率为0.6至1.77。