Landscapes and Rituals of Wet Rice Culture in East Asian Villages

本研究的目的是为了证明湿稻文化与东亚社会之间的历史和文化关系。特别是，它旨在通过确定具体的研究领域，以宗教仪式和乡村景观为重点，阐明日本在东亚的文化地位。日本被认为是印度文化的最东端。为了厘清日本的文化定位，本文以中国和日本为东西向轴线，重点研究稻米文化和佛教的传播。日本和巴厘岛（印度尼西亚）被设为南北轴线。日本东大寺是研究佛教文化与水稻农业关系的地方，被选为主要地点。这项研究是在寺庙大院进行的，随后于2004年11月27日组织了一个题为“稻田发展和古代和中世纪佛教寺庙的湿稻文化”的研讨会。在2005年10月29日举行的“粳稻的起源和传播”研讨会上，以水稻生产的南方路线为中心，讨论了日本的文化立场，并部分解释了从古代到现代的情况。在东西轴线上，研究主要关注国家主导的佛教和水灌溉，其中以吴哥窟为中心的柬埔寨研究做出了重大贡献。在南北轴线上，对巴厘岛的研究得到了深化，对爱媛县的羽岛的研究也取得了进展。在巴厘岛，制作了一份关于该岛东部苏巴克巴桑阿拉斯（Subak Basang Alas）的报告。Subak被称为村庄灌溉合作社，其报告是由合作社撰写的。这份报告随后被翻译成日文——这是第一次。这篇论文与其他论文一起被收录在系列讲座ii -湿稻文化研究：巴厘岛的湿稻文化与仪式——以Karangasem摄政王Basang Alas村为中心。总之，可以说，东亚水稻农业社会的基础已经明确。少

The aim of this research was to demonstrate the historical and cultural relationships between wet-rice culture and societies in East Asia. In particular, it was intended to elucidate the cultural position of Japan in East Asia, with its focus on religious rites and village landscapes, through identifying specific fields of study. Japan is known as the easternmost edge of Indian culture. In order to clarify the cultural position of Japan, China and Japan are set as an east-west axis, with its focus on the study of the diffusion of wet-rice culture and Buddhism. Japan and Bali(Indonesia) were set as a north-south axis. Todai-ji temple in Japan, where research on the relationship between Buddhist culture and rice agriculture had already been carried out, was selected as the chief site. The study was conducted in the temple compound, and subsequently a symposium entitled Rice Field Development and the Wet-Rice Culture of Ancient and Medieval Buddhist Temples was organized on November 27, 2 … More 004. Another symposium, The Origin and Diffusion of Japonica Rice , organized on October 29, 2005, considered the Japanese cultural position, centering on the southern route which rice production took, and situations from the ancient period to the modern one were explained in part. In the east-west axis, the research paid main attention to state-led Buddhism and water irrigation, to which the research in Cambodia centering on Angkor Wat made a major contribution. In the north-south axis, the research in Bali was deepened, while the study of Yugeshima Island, in Ehime Prefecture, also advanced. In Bali, a report on Subak Basang Alas, in the east of the island, was produced. Subak is known as a village water-irrigation cooperative, and its report was written by the cooperative. This report was then translated into Japanese -a first. It was included, among other papers, in Lecture Series II-the Study of Wet-Rice Culture : Balinese Wet-Rice Culture and Rituals-Centering on Basang Alas Village of Karangasem Regency.In sum, it can be said that the foundations of the societies of wet-rice agriculture in East Asia have been clarified. Less