Measurements of optical properties of solid plasma and development of detail physical modeling

在这项研究中，我们研究了位于凝聚态物质和等离子体之间的中间参数范围的热致密物质(WDM)物理。在这种情况下，高密度物质中的原子被电子激发和/或电离。这意味着这个物质的内压超过了Mbar，这个数值与大型行星的内压相似。物理上，创建细节模型有困难，因为从凝聚态物质和等离子体物理的外推都是失败的。在凝聚态模型中，物质条件被认为是原子的理想有序波函数之和，但在波分复用中，一些原子以电子方式激发，一些原子以更紧密的有界轨道保持电子。在等离子体物理中，电子将不受单个离子的影响，但在波分复用中，电子受到最近的原子势的强烈影响。此外，在此参数范围内，没有好的物理模型的原因是…更重要的是缺乏精确的实验数据。为了克服这些困难，我们研制了超短脉冲白光探头和深紫外泵浦光系统来识别这些瞬变条件的光学性质。在这项测量中，利用反射光的偏振测量来诊断深紫外光超短脉冲激光产生的波分复用条件。为了获得全集的斯托克斯参数，将反射光分成四个不同的偏振分量光束，并用频率分辨测量系统进行观测。通过改变探测光束到达时间的延迟来获得时间结构。通过这种方法，我们可以确定这种暂态材料何时发生跃迁或参数在时间和空间上是如何变化的，以及这种暂态材料的共振频率是多少。为了比较这些测量数据，我们还为这种波分复用器建立了新的方程状态模型。根据与水星行为的比较，该模型应考虑各原子之间的强相互作用。例如，为了获得足够精确的双流体区曲线，我们应该包括汞原子的团簇形成，直到几十个原子。此外，在这些研究中，我们还发现，即使在电子的S轨道和p轨道上，势能曲线也是相互交叉的，并且在某些参数下，6p条件下的能量比6s条件下的能量低。最后，我们发现有必要在波分复用器的状态方程模型中包含所有这些细节，以达到实际的合理性质。较少

In this research, we investigate warm dense mater (WDM) physics which is located at the middle parameter range between condensed matter and plasmas. In this matter, atoms in high density matter is electronically excited and/or ionized. That means internal pressure in this matter is beyond Mbar and that number is the similar to the interia pressure in the large planets. Physically, there are difficulties to create the details model because both extrapolation from the condensed mater and plasma physics is failed. In the case of condensed matter model, the material condition is considered as sum of the ideal, well ordered wave-functions of atoms, but in WDM, some atoms excited electronically, some atoms keep the electron more tightly with bounded orbit. In plasma physics, the electron would be free from the individual ions, but in WDM, electrons are strongly affected by the nearest atom potential. In addition, the reason why in this parameter region, there are not good physical models is … More the lack of the precised experimental data. This is mainly caused from the difficulties in measurements of such short-live extreme conditions.For overcome of these difficulties, we have developed ultra-short pulse white light probe and deep ultraviolet pump laser system to identify the optical properties of these transient condition. In this measurement, the WDM condition created with deep ultra-violet ultra-short pulse lasers is diagnosed with polarimater measurements of reflected light. To obtain full set of the Stokes parameters, the reflected light is divided into four different polarization component beams and observed with frequency resolved measurements system. The temporal structures are obtained with changing the delay of the arrival time of the probe beam. With this method, we identify when the transition occurs or how parameters are changed in time and space, and what is resonant frequency of this transient material.To compare these measured data, we also construct new equation state model for this WDM. According to the comparison with Mercury behaviors, the strong interaction between each atom should be involved in this model. For example, to achieve the enough accurate curve of two-fluid region, we should include the cluster like formation of Hg atoms up to several tens of atoms. In addition, during these studies, we have found even with s and p orbit of electrons, the potential energy curves are crossed each other and the energy of 6p conditions, in some parameters, is lower than that of 6s. Finally, we find that it is necessary to include all these detail into the equation-of-state model in WDM to achieve the realistic reasonable properties. Less