Measurements of optical properties of solid plasma and development of detail physical modeling

在本研究中，我们研究了位于凝聚态和等离子体之间的中间参数范围的热致密物质（WDM）物理。在这种情况下，高密度物质中的原子被电子激发和/或电离。这意味着这个物质的内部压力超过了毫巴，这个数字与大行星的内部压力相似。在物理上，由于从凝聚态物理和等离子体物理的外推都失败，因此创建细节模型存在困难。在凝聚态模型中，物质状态被认为是原子的理想有序波函数的和，但在WDM中，一些原子被电子激发，一些原子更紧密地保持有界轨道的电子。在等离子体物理中，电子不受单个离子的影响，但在波分复用中，电子受到最近的原子势的强烈影响。此外，在该参数区域内没有很好的物理模型的原因是……，更重要的是缺乏精确的实验数据。这主要是由于测量这种短寿命极端条件的困难造成的。为了克服这些困难，我们开发了超短脉冲白光探针和深紫外泵浦激光系统来识别这些瞬态条件的光学特性。在该测量中，通过对反射光的偏振测量来诊断深紫外超短脉冲激光产生的波分复用条件。为了获得完整的Stokes参数，将反射光分成四种不同的偏振分量光束，利用频率分辨测量系统进行观测。通过改变探测光束到达时间的延迟，得到了时域结构。利用这种方法，我们确定了跃迁发生的时间或参数在时间和空间上的变化，以及该瞬态材料的谐振频率。为了比较这些测量数据，我们还建立了新的WDM方程状态模型。根据与水星行为的比较，该模型应该涉及到每个原子之间的强相互作用。例如，为了获得足够精确的双流体区域曲线，我们应该包括多达几十个原子的汞原子簇状形成。此外，在这些研究中，我们发现即使在电子的s轨道和p轨道上，势能曲线也会交叉，并且在某些参数中，6p条件下的能量低于6s条件下的能量。最后，我们发现有必要将所有这些细节都包含到WDM的状态方程模型中，以实现现实的合理性能。少

In this research, we investigate warm dense mater (WDM) physics which is located at the middle parameter range between condensed matter and plasmas. In this matter, atoms in high density matter is electronically excited and/or ionized. That means internal pressure in this matter is beyond Mbar and that number is the similar to the interia pressure in the large planets. Physically, there are difficulties to create the details model because both extrapolation from the condensed mater and plasma physics is failed. In the case of condensed matter model, the material condition is considered as sum of the ideal, well ordered wave-functions of atoms, but in WDM, some atoms excited electronically, some atoms keep the electron more tightly with bounded orbit. In plasma physics, the electron would be free from the individual ions, but in WDM, electrons are strongly affected by the nearest atom potential. In addition, the reason why in this parameter region, there are not good physical models is … More the lack of the precised experimental data. This is mainly caused from the difficulties in measurements of such short-live extreme conditions.For overcome of these difficulties, we have developed ultra-short pulse white light probe and deep ultraviolet pump laser system to identify the optical properties of these transient condition. In this measurement, the WDM condition created with deep ultra-violet ultra-short pulse lasers is diagnosed with polarimater measurements of reflected light. To obtain full set of the Stokes parameters, the reflected light is divided into four different polarization component beams and observed with frequency resolved measurements system. The temporal structures are obtained with changing the delay of the arrival time of the probe beam. With this method, we identify when the transition occurs or how parameters are changed in time and space, and what is resonant frequency of this transient material.To compare these measured data, we also construct new equation state model for this WDM. According to the comparison with Mercury behaviors, the strong interaction between each atom should be involved in this model. For example, to achieve the enough accurate curve of two-fluid region, we should include the cluster like formation of Hg atoms up to several tens of atoms. In addition, during these studies, we have found even with s and p orbit of electrons, the potential energy curves are crossed each other and the energy of 6p conditions, in some parameters, is lower than that of 6s. Finally, we find that it is necessary to include all these detail into the equation-of-state model in WDM to achieve the realistic reasonable properties. Less