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Study on processes of dimethyl sulfide production in seawater, its emission to the marine atmosphere and formation of sulfate aerosol

海水中二甲硫醚的生产过程、向海洋大气的排放以及硫酸盐气溶胶的形成研究

基本信息

批准号：
16204044
负责人：
UEMATSU Mitsuo
金额：
$ 30.87万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

For simple and quick bulk chemical analysis of suspended particles in seawater, a devise with energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer that specialized for light elements was developed. A fast measurement system of atmospheric DMS concentrations based on the fluorine-induced chemiluminescence was also developed and succeeded to employ in the marine air to apply the eddy correlation method on ship board.Our shipboard simultaneous measurements of air and sea were carried out as a part of the iron fertilization experiment in the western subarctic North Pacific in the summer (R/V Hakuho-maru), at the Off Sanriku region during the high primary productive period in the spring (R/V Tansei-maru), and survey along 47°N from western to eastern subarctic North Pacific in summer (R/V Mirai). During the phytoplankton bloom caused by iron fertilization, the concentrations of CH_3Br increased. A linear correlation was observed between the concentrations of 19'-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin, which i … More s a biomarker of several prymnesiophytes, and CH_3Br in the seawater. After fertilization, the air-sea flux of CH_3Br inside the patch changed from influx to efflux from the ocean.Dimethylsulfide, halomethanes, and isoprene in the water and air measured in the western subarctic Pacific revealed that phytoplankton speciation and physiological differences are probably related to the differences of the distribution of VOCs in air and seawater. In the front region of Tsushima warm current, high concentrations of VOCs such as CH_3Br, CH_2I_2 and CH_2CII in seawater were correlated with in atmospheric concentrations. Results of the longitudinal transect along the 47°N, the highest DMS concentrations of seawater were observed between 180°E and 140V corresponding increases in the atmospheric DMS concentrations. At the same time, the concentration of particulate Ca in seawater increased with DMS concentration in seawater. It suggested that detritus of coccolithophorids with CaCO_3 test, reflect DMS concentration in seawater. Less

为了对海水中的悬浮颗粒进行简单快速的批量化学分析，开发了一种专门针对轻元素的能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪。还开发了基于氟诱导化学发光的大气 DMS 浓度快速测量系统，并成功应用于海洋空气中，在船上应用涡流相关法。我们的船上空气和海洋同步测量是夏季亚北极西太平洋 (R/V 白凤丸) 夏季铁施肥实验的一部分，在三陆地区。春季的高初级生产力期（R/V Tansei-maru），以及夏季沿北纬 47°从西到东亚北极北太平洋的调查（R/V Mirai）。在铁肥引起的浮游植物大量繁殖过程中，CH_3Br的浓度增加。在海水中 19'-己酰氧基岩藻黄质（它是几种原藻植物的生物标志物）和 CH_3Br 的浓度之间观察到线性相关性。受精后，斑块内CH_3Br的海气通量由流入变为从海洋流出。亚北极西太平洋水体和空气中二甲硫醚、卤代甲烷和异戊二烯的测定表明，浮游植物的形态和生理差异可能与空气和海水中VOCs分布的差异有关。对马暖流前缘地区，海水中高浓度的CH_3Br、CH_2I_2、CH_2CII等VOCs与大气中的浓度存在相关性。沿 47°N 的纵向横断面结果，在 180°E 至 140V 之间观察到海水中 DMS 浓度最高，大气 DMS 浓度相应增加。同时，海水中颗粒Ca的浓度随着海水中DMS浓度的增加而增加。提示用CaCO_3测定球石藻碎屑可以反映海水中DMS的浓度。较少的