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Highly selective extermination of diatom blooms causing labor-discoloration by using habitual viruses.

使用习惯性病毒高选择性消灭导致劳动变色的硅藻华。

基本信息

批准号：
16208019
负责人：
NAGASAKI Keizo
金额：
$ 29.87万
依托单位：
Fisheries Research Agency
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Within the four years research project, six novel diatom viruses(RsRNAV, CsNIV, CtenRNAV, CdebDNAV, CsfrRNAV, CcflDNAV) were successfully isolated and characterized. All are icosahedral viruses<40nm in diameter ; their genomes are either single-stranded DNA(ssDNA) or ssRNA. The genomes of the ssRNA viruses are linear and 3'-polyadenylated ; they have two open reading frames- a replicase polyprotein gene and a structural polyprotein gene. They showed considerable similarities to plant- or insect-infecting picomaviruses. On the other hand, CsNIV and CcflDNAV genomes are assumed to consist of a single molecule of covalently closed circular ssDNA as well as a segment of linear ssDNA. It is noticeable that the unknown genome structure was discovered in diatom-infecting viruses. Based on BLAST search results and phylogenetic analyses of RdRp domain(RNA-dependent RNA polymerase domain), both the diatom-infecting ssRNA and ssDNA viruses were shown to be novel virus groups that were only very distantly related with known viruses ; besides, significant similarities among viruses were observed within each virus group. Some of the viruses were shown to exist in natural environments at a detectable level(>3.01 infectious units/ml) ; the highest record was 3.1×10^4 infectious units/ml. These data suggest viruses have a certain impact on natural diatom populations. Furthermore, through a laboratory culture experiment, growth of laver was improved by virally inhibiting coexisting diatom proliferation. This result will provide basic data for developing a new method to prevent laver from discoloration. Further study on practical use of these diatom-infecting viruses will be eagerly expected. Due to this research project, encounter between diatomology and virology was successfully realized. We believe that the resultant data are of great value not only from the viewpoint of pure science but also practical applied science.

在为期4年的研究中，成功分离鉴定了6种新的硅藻病毒（RsRNAV，CsNIV，CtenRNAV，CdebDNAV，CsfrRNAV，CcflDNAV）。所有病毒都是直径小于40纳米的二十面体病毒;它们的基因组是单链DNA（ssDNA）或ssRNA。ssRNA病毒的基因组是线性的和3 '-聚腺苷酸化的;它们具有两个开放的阅读框架-复制酶多蛋白基因和结构多蛋白基因。它们与感染植物或昆虫的小核糖核酸病毒有相当大的相似性。另一方面，CsNIV和CcflDNAV基因组被假定由共价闭合的环状ssDNA的单个分子以及线性ssDNA的片段组成。值得注意的是，未知的基因组结构被发现在细菌感染病毒。基于BLAST检索结果和RdRp结构域（RNA依赖的RNA聚合酶结构域）的系统发育分析，发现感染大肠杆菌的ssRNA和ssDNA病毒均为与已知病毒亲缘关系较远的新病毒群，且各病毒群之间存在显著的相似性。有些病毒在自然环境中的存在量可检测到（>3.01感染单位/毫升），最高记录为3.1×10^4感染单位/毫升。这些数据表明，病毒对天然硅藻种群有一定的影响。此外，通过实验室培养实验，通过病毒抑制共存硅藻的增殖来促进紫菜的生长。这一结果将为开发防止紫菜变色的新方法提供基础数据。对这些病毒的实际应用的进一步研究将是迫切期望的。由于这个研究项目，成功地实现了生物学和病毒学的相遇。我们相信，所得数据不仅从纯科学的观点而且从实际应用科学的观点来看都是很有价值的。