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Highly selective extermination of diatom blooms causing labor-discoloration by using habitual viruses.

使用习惯性病毒高选择性消灭导致劳动变色的硅藻华。

基本信息

批准号：
16208019
负责人：
NAGASAKI Keizo
金额：
$ 29.87万
依托单位：
Fisheries Research Agency
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Within the four years research project, six novel diatom viruses(RsRNAV, CsNIV, CtenRNAV, CdebDNAV, CsfrRNAV, CcflDNAV) were successfully isolated and characterized. All are icosahedral viruses<40nm in diameter ; their genomes are either single-stranded DNA(ssDNA) or ssRNA. The genomes of the ssRNA viruses are linear and 3'-polyadenylated ; they have two open reading frames- a replicase polyprotein gene and a structural polyprotein gene. They showed considerable similarities to plant- or insect-infecting picomaviruses. On the other hand, CsNIV and CcflDNAV genomes are assumed to consist of a single molecule of covalently closed circular ssDNA as well as a segment of linear ssDNA. It is noticeable that the unknown genome structure was discovered in diatom-infecting viruses. Based on BLAST search results and phylogenetic analyses of RdRp domain(RNA-dependent RNA polymerase domain), both the diatom-infecting ssRNA and ssDNA viruses were shown to be novel virus groups that were only very distantly related with known viruses ; besides, significant similarities among viruses were observed within each virus group. Some of the viruses were shown to exist in natural environments at a detectable level(>3.01 infectious units/ml) ; the highest record was 3.1×10^4 infectious units/ml. These data suggest viruses have a certain impact on natural diatom populations. Furthermore, through a laboratory culture experiment, growth of laver was improved by virally inhibiting coexisting diatom proliferation. This result will provide basic data for developing a new method to prevent laver from discoloration. Further study on practical use of these diatom-infecting viruses will be eagerly expected. Due to this research project, encounter between diatomology and virology was successfully realized. We believe that the resultant data are of great value not only from the viewpoint of pure science but also practical applied science.

在四年的研究项目中，成功分离并鉴定了六种新型硅藻病毒（RsRNAV、CsNIV、CtenRNAV、CdebDNAV、CsfrRNAV、CcflDNAV）。均为二十面体病毒，直径<40nm；他们的基因组要么是单链DNA（ssDNA），要么是ssRNA。 ssRNA病毒的基因组是线性的并且是3'-聚腺苷酸化的；它们有两个开放阅读框——复制酶多蛋白基因和结构多蛋白基因。它们与感染植物或昆虫的小核糖核酸病毒表现出相当大的相似性。另一方面，假设 CsNIV 和 CcflDNAV 基因组由共价闭合环状 ssDNA 的单分子以及线性 ssDNA 片段组成。值得注意的是，在硅藻感染病毒中发现了未知的基因组结构。基于BLAST搜索结果和RdRp结构域（RNA依赖的RNA聚合酶结构域）的系统发育分析，硅藻感染的ssRNA和ssDNA病毒都被证明是新的病毒群，与已知病毒的亲缘关系非常远；此外，在每个病毒组内观察到病毒之间存在显着相似性。一些病毒被证明以可检测的水平存在于自然环境中（>3.01感染单位/毫升）；最高记录为3.1×10^4感染单位/ml。这些数据表明病毒对天然硅藻种群有一定影响。此外，通过实验室培养实验，通过病毒抑制共存的硅藻增殖来改善紫菜的生长。该结果将为开发防止紫菜变色的新方法提供基础数据。人们热切期待对这些硅藻感染病毒的实际应用进行进一步的研究。由于这个研究项目，成功实现了硅藻学和病毒学的相遇。我们相信，所得数据不仅从纯科学的角度来看，而且从实际应用科学的角度来看都具有重要价值。