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An Anthropological Study of Socio-Cultural Issues Caused by the Transnational Practice of Assisted Renroductive Technology(ARTs)

辅助生殖技术（ARTs）跨国实践引起的社会文化问题的人类学研究

基本信息

批准号：
16251009
负责人：
UESUGI Tomiyuki
金额：
$ 22.3万
依托单位：
Seijo University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The objective of the research is threefold :1) Examination of the actual (current) situation in infertility treatment beyond. national borders, which has been pursued because of inadequate legislation and/or regulations for ARTs (Assisted Reproductive Technologies) in Europe, America and Asia, including Japan.2) Assessment of the socio-cultural implications of transnational practice of ARTs on the fundamental institutions, such as parenthood, family and marriage, and concepts, such as human body and life/death.3) Formulation of a new framework or theory in order to adequately describe and analyze the newly emerging institutions and concepts.In order to materialize the project, the joint-research members have conducted field research in Europe (Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Iceland, France, Switzerland and Italy) , the United States of America, Korea and Japan.The following is the summary of the findings :1) It has been confirmed that ARTs have been practiced beyond national borders. Sperm, … More eggs and embryos are frozen and transferred transnationally ("reproductive tours"). Moreover, not only patients but also obstetricians/ gynecologists, nurses and ARTs coordinators go across the border to study and practice advanced treatments.2) Every ARTs-advanced country, except some countries like Japan, has legislation (laws) or regulations for controlling ARTs practice. However, as the quantity and quality of current ARTs practice is beyond expectation, no county can effectively control the situation.3) Through creating families by using ARTs, some groups, such as single women and gay/lesbian couples have been trying to reconstruct our basic concepts and institutions, such as parent-child relationships, family, marriage, etc.4) Whenever those concepts and/or institutions are being reconstructed, we are faced with complexity (or multiplicity) and fluidity of relationships and a new sense of identity, they create new types of multiple and fluid relationships and a new sense of belonging/identity.5) The above-mentioned fundamental socio-cultural change towards multiple and fluid relationships/sense of belonging is also recognized in other socio-cultural contexts, such as increasing acceptance of (or tolerance for) dual/multiple nationality/citizenship. Less

该研究的目的有三个：1）检查不孕不育治疗的实际（当前）情况。国界，由于欧洲、美洲和亚洲（包括日本）的 ART（辅助生殖技术）立法和/或法规不充分，一直在追求这一目标。2) 评估 ART 跨国实践对基本制度（如亲子关系、家庭和婚姻）以及概念（如人体和生命/死亡）的社会文化影响。3) 制定新的框架或理论，以充分描述为了使该项目具体化，联合研究成员在欧洲（瑞典、挪威、丹麦、冰岛、法国、瑞士和意大利）、美国、韩国和日本进行了实地研究。以下是研究结果的摘要：1）已经证实ARTs已经超越国界进行实践。精子、……更多卵子和胚胎被冷冻并跨国转移（“生殖之旅”）。此外，不仅是患者，还有妇产科医生、护士和 ART 协调员跨越国界学习和实践先进的治疗方法。2）每个 ART 先进国家，除了日本等一些国家外，都有控制 ART 实践的立法（法律）或法规。然而，由于当前ART实践的数量和质量超出了预期，没有一个国家能够有效控制这种情况。3）通过利用ART创建家庭，一些群体，例如单身女性和男女同性恋伴侣，一直在试图重建我们的基本概念和制度，例如亲子关系，家庭，婚姻等。4）每当这些概念和/或制度被重建时，我们都面临着复杂性（或多重性）和关系的流动性和新的身份感，它们创造了新型的多重和流动的关系以及新的归属感/身份感。5) 上述向多重和流动的关系/归属感的基本社会文化变化也在其他社会文化背景中得到了认可，例如对双重/多重国籍/公民身份的接受（或容忍）的增加。较少的