Effects of microorganisms on increasing biodiversity in plant-, herbivore-and predator community and its preserving

微生物对增加植物、食草动物和捕食者群落生物多样性及其保护的影响

• 批准号: 16255002
• 负责人: YASUDA Hironori
• 金额: $ 26.21万
• 依托单位: Yamagata University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2004 至 2007
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16255002/
• 关键词: Ecology; Biodiversity; Plant; Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; Insect; 植物遷移; 植食者; 捕食者

In this project, a series of field and laboratory studies were conducted mainly for three subjects given below.1) Effect of VAM fungi colonization on biodiversity in plant and arthropod communities in the fieldIn the three study sites, Kalimantan, Java and Tsuruoka, occurrences of plants and insects were monitored in relation to two experimental treatments, 1) Ground application of fungicide and 2) inoculation with VAM fungi. As a result, both plants and insects tended to be more abundant in the treatments than in controls. In addition, similar results were also obtained in laboratory trials, suggesting that VAM fungi colonization influenced on biodiversity in plant and arthropod communities.2) Effects of root colonization of VAM fungi and degree of pre-herbivory on increasing biodiversity in plant and arthropod communities in the fieldSoybean plants, which were manipulated in percent of VAM fungi colonization and degree of herbivory by larvae of Lepidoptera, were transplanted in an ag … More ricultural field, and then occurrence of herbivore insects and concentration of plant substances were monitored. In general, abundance of thrips was positively related to only root colonization of VAM fungi, I.e. pre-herbivory did not affect this, whereas pre-herbivory adversely affected abundance of aphids. Laboratory trials also showed the similar tendency. These results suggested that root colonization of VAM fungi and degree of pre-herbivory influenced on abundance of arthropod communities in the field.3) Top-down effects of herbivory by Lepidpteran larvae on VAM fungi colonization and development of aphidsEffects of herbivory by larvae of Lepidoptera on percentage of VAM root colonization and performance of aphids were determined in the laboratory. Herbivory by Lepidoptera larvae affected both percentages of root colonization of VAM fungi, concentration of chemical substances of the plant, and development of aphids, showing the top-down effects by the larvae. Those results suggested that multi-tropic interactions based on the effects of soil microorganisms on abundance of plants and insects are important to influence on biodiversity and its maintaining. Less

在本项目中，主要针对以下三个课题进行了一系列的田间和实验室研究。1）VAM真菌定殖对田间植物和节肢动物群落生物多样性的影响在加里曼丹、爪哇和鹤冈三个研究地点，通过两种实验处理（1）地面施用杀菌剂和2）接种VAM真菌）监测植物和昆虫的发生。因此，植物和昆虫在处理中往往比在对照中更丰富。2）VAM真菌的根际定殖和取食前取食程度对提高田间植物和节肢动物群落生物多样性的影响被移植到一个 ...更多信息 农田，然后监测植食性昆虫的发生和植物物质的浓度。在一般情况下，丰富的蓟马是正相关的VAM真菌，即前草食动物没有影响这一点，而前草食动物产生不利影响丰富的蚜虫的根殖民。实验室试验也显示了类似的趋势。这些结果表明，VAM真菌的根际定殖和前期取食程度对田间节肢动物群落的丰富度有影响。3）鳞翅目幼虫取食对VAM真菌的根际定殖和蚜虫生长发育具有自上而下的影响。鳞翅目幼虫取食对VAM真菌根系定殖率、植物体内化学物质浓度和蚜虫发育均有影响，表现出自上而下的效应。这些结果表明，基于土壤微生物对植物和昆虫丰度影响的多向相互作用对生物多样性及其维持具有重要影响。少

项目成果

Effect of VAM fungi on community structure of arthropods on mugwort

VAM真菌对艾蒿节肢动物群落结构的影响

• 发表时间: 2007
• 作者: Fujimoto;et. al.;Sho Komagamine(& 7 others)
• 通讯作者: Sho Komagamine(& 7 others)

AM菌が鱗翅目幼虫のダイズの摂食を通じアブラムシの成長と繁殖への影響

AM真菌取食大豆鳞翅目幼虫对蚜虫生长和繁殖的影响

• 发表时间: 2007
• 作者: S.Tanasupawat;et al.;塩沢晋平(他8名);山越 言;山岸智子;Shinpei Shiozawa(& 8 others);Mizuno N;山越言(共著);山岸智子(飯塚正人と共著);D.Morakotokarn et al.;Fujita T;上田紘司(他1名)
• 通讯作者: 上田紘司(他1名)

Effect of VAM fungi on growth and reproduction of aphid on soy bean plant through herbivory by Lepidoptera larvae

VAM真菌对鳞翅目幼虫食草大豆植株蚜虫生长繁殖的影响

• 发表时间: 2007
• 作者: Koi;S.;I. Tsukamoto;R. Inagawa;N. Kubo;R. Fujinami;R. Imaichi;M. Kato;金子 有子・國松 孝男・籠谷 泰行・中島 拓男;Yutaka IKAEDA;S.Okano;Koji Ueda(& 1 another)
• 通讯作者: Koji Ueda(& 1 another)

殺菌剤が植物の生育と節足動物の個体数に及ぼす影響

杀菌剂对植物生长和节肢动物种群的影响

• 发表时间: 2008
• 作者: Fukao;Y.;板垣雄三;阿部健一;駒嶺翔(他7名)
• 通讯作者: 駒嶺翔(他7名)

植食者によるダイズの葉の食害がアーバスキュラー菌根形成に及ぼす影響

食草动物对大豆叶片的损害对丛枝菌根形成的影响

• 发表时间: 2007
• 作者: S.Tanasupawat;et al.;塩沢晋平(他8名)
• 通讯作者: 塩沢晋平(他8名)