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The effects of native species community on spread of invasive species by comparisons of original and remote populations.

通过比较原始种群和偏远种群，了解本地物种群落对入侵物种传播的影响。

基本信息

批准号：
15380039
负责人：
YASUDA Hironori
金额：
$ 10.18万
依托单位：
Yamagata University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15380039/
关键词：
Community Exotic species Distribution Interspecific relationship Ladybirds

项目摘要

A series of field and laboratory studies using invasive species of ladybird was conducted for understanding of mechanisms that enable those to establish and spread, especially their interactions with natural enemies and native ladybird species in original and remote area, such as (1) The effects of Coccinella septempunctata and Harmonia axyridis on native species in North America, (2) Interaction Adalia bipunctata with native species in Japan, (3) Interactions Olla v-nigrum with native species in Japan, and (4) Mortality factors of herbivore ladybird, Epilachna varivestis, in original (Guatemala) and remote populations (Japan). Possible fate of invasive species is also predicted. In (1), H.axyridis is relatively aggressive and generalist compared with native species in North America, suggesting that decrease in abundance of those natives, which share habitat with H.axyridis, due to intraguild predation by H.axyridis. In addition, further spread of H.axyridis in North America and Europe is likely. In (2), A.bipunctata share the habitat with H.axyridis, native species in Japan, and often suffer from intraguild predation by H.axyridis, suggesting that further spread of A.bipunctatat in Japan is unlikely. In (3), Menochilus sexmaculatus, a native species of Japan, can be a possible competitor of invasive O.v-nigrum for prey and habitat resources. However, considerably low abundance of M.sexmaculatus suggests that spread of O.v-nigrum depends on distribution of their prey, Heteropsylla cubana, also invasive species and rapidly spreading in Japan. That is, further spread of O.v-nigrum in Ryukyu Islands, Japan, is likely. In (4), in Japan, E.varivestis is often parasitized by a native parasitoid wasp, which efficiently regulates abundance and spread of E.varivesti, suggesting that its rapid spread in Japan, is unlikely.

使用瓢虫入侵物种进行了一系列现场和实验室研究，以了解这些瓢虫建立和传播的机制，特别是它们与原始和偏远地区的天敌和本地瓢虫物种的相互作用，例如（1）七星瓢虫和异色瓢虫对北美本地物种的影响，（2）Adalia bipunctata与日本本地物种的相互作用，（3）Olla的相互作用 v-nigrum 与日本本地物种，以及 (4) 草食性瓢虫 Epilachna varivestis 在原始种群（危地马拉）和偏远种群（日本）的死亡率因素。还预测了入侵物种可能的命运。在(1)中，与北美本土物种相比，异色异色鳅具有相对攻击性和多面性，这表明与异色异色鳅共享栖息地的本地物种的丰度下降是由于异色异色鳅的群内捕食所致。此外，异色异色线虫有可能在北美和欧洲进一步传播。在（2）中，A.bipunctata 与日本本土物种异色雉（H.axyridis）共享栖息地，并且经常遭受异色雉的群内捕食，这表明异色雉在日本进一步传播的可能性不大。在（3）中，日本本土物种六斑墨诺吉虫（Menochilus sexmaculatus）可能是入侵性黑藻对猎物和栖息地资源的潜在竞争者。然而，M.sexmaculatus 的丰度相当低，这表明 O.v-nigrum 的传播取决于其猎物古巴异木虫（Heteropsylla cubana）的分布，该物种也是入侵物种并在日本迅速传播。也就是说，O.v-nigrum 有可能在日本琉球群岛进一步传播。在（4）中，在日本，E.varivesti 经常被本地寄生蜂寄生，这种黄蜂有效地调节了 E.varivesti 的丰度和传播，表明它不太可能在日本快速传播。