Monuments and Planned City of Teotihuacan: Analyses and Interpretations of the Material Excavated at the Moon Pyramid

1998年至2004年，我们对月亮金字塔进行了深入探索，发现了金字塔内部七个重叠的建筑阶段和五个墓葬群。我们还在周边地区发现了住宅建筑、古老的黑曜石作坊和一个中型金字塔平台，里面有五层建筑。目前的资金支持对七年实地考察期间获得的大量数据和材料进行不同类型的分析和解释。这笔资金还支持结果的发布和数据库的创建。英文卷将由新墨西哥大学出版社出版，多本西班牙文卷将由墨西哥国家人类学和历史研究所出版，数据更详细、更丰富。我们还从1999年至今进行了长期测绘，以制定城市中心区的三维重建规划。我们已经完成了从“月亮广场”到“城堡”建筑群沿“死亡大道”核心路段的勘察，除了某些住宅小区外。扩大后的纪念碑所获得的信息显然与国家形成和政治组织问题直接相关，尤其会反映国家统治和宗教意识形态的发展。我们发现的祭祀墓葬、相关的祭品和牺牲的动物，如美洲虎、美洲狮、狼、鹰等，表明特奥蒂瓦坎并不像许多人认为的那样只是一个由集体政府组织的太平洋圣城，而是一个拥有强大军事部门的扩张国家。黑曜石文物包括许多射弹点、从远方带来的贝壳物品以及来自危地马拉的玉器，表明特奥蒂瓦卡诺人的经济和政治扩张或入侵；特别是一些象征性的玉器装饰品表明与玛雅王朝有直接联系。我们还获得了有关纪念碑附近各种活动的新数据；利用这笔资金获得的所有信息将极大地有助于我们对特奥蒂瓦坎国家的理解和古代文明的理论构建。较少的

We intensively explored the Moon Pyramid in 1998-2004, uncovering seven overlapping architectural stages and five burial complexes inside the pyramid. We also found in surrounding areas residential structures, ancient obsidian workshop, and a middle-sized pyramidal platform which contained five architectural levels inside. The present funding supported different kinds of analyses and interpretations of a large amount of data and materials obtained during the seven-year fieldwork. The funding also supported publications of the results and creation of the data bank. English volume will be published from the University of the New Mexico Press, and several Spanish volumes with more detailed and much abundant data will be published from the National Institute of Anthropology and History in Mexico.We have also been carrying out a long term mapping survey since 1999 to date to create three-dimensional reconstruction plan of the city's central area. We already completed the survey of the core … More section along the “Avenue of the Dead" from the “Moon Plaza" to the “Citadel" complex, except for certain residential compounds.The obtained information of the enlarged monument is apparently related directly to the issues of the state formation and of the political organization and would particularly reflect the development of the rulership and religious ideology of the state. Sacrificial burials we found, the associated offerings and animals sacrificed, like jaguars, pumas, wolves, eagles, etc., indicate that Teotihuacan was, rather than just a pacific sacred city organized by collective government as many have believed, an expanding state with strong military sectors. Obsidian artifacts including many projectile points, shell objects brought from distant costs, and jade items from Guatemala, suggest economic and political expansion or invasion by the Teotihuacanos; particularly some symbolic ornaments of jades indicates direct connection with Maya dynasties. We also obtained new data concerning varied activities near the monument; all information proceeded with this funding will substantially contribute to our understanding of the Teotihuacan state and theory-construction of ancient civilizations. Less