Monuments and Planned City of Teotihuacan: Analyses and Interpretations of the Material Excavated at the Moon Pyramid

我们在1998-2004年间对月球金字塔进行了密集的探索，发现了金字塔内七个重叠的建筑阶段和五个墓葬建筑群。我们还在周围地区发现了住宅结构、古老的黑玉石作坊和一个中型金字塔平台，里面有五层建筑。目前的资金支持对七年实地调查期间获得的大量数据和材料进行各种分析和解释。这笔资金还支持成果的出版和数据库的建立。新墨西哥大学出版社将出版英文卷，墨西哥国家人类学与历史研究所将出版几本数据更详细、更丰富的西班牙语卷。我们自1999年以来一直在进行长期测绘，以创建城市中心区的三维重建计划。我们已经完成了对核心…的调查从“月亮广场”到“城堡”建筑群的“死亡大道”沿线有更多的路段，除了一些居民区外，所获得的扩大纪念碑的信息显然与国家的形成和政治组织问题直接相关，特别是将反映国家的统治和宗教意识形态的发展。我们发现的祭祀墓葬，以及相关的祭品和牺牲的动物，如美洲豹、美洲狮、狼、鹰等，表明特奥蒂瓦坎不像许多人认为的那样只是一个由集体政府组织的太平洋圣城，而是一个拥有强大军事部门的不断扩张的国家。包括许多投射点、从遥远的成本带来的贝壳物品和来自危地马拉的玉器在内的黑铁矿文物，表明特奥蒂瓦卡诺斯人在经济和政治上的扩张或入侵；特别是一些象征性的玉器装饰品表明与玛雅王朝有直接联系。我们还获得了有关纪念碑附近各种活动的新数据；利用这笔资金进行的所有信息将大大有助于我们对特奥蒂瓦坎国家的了解和古代文明的理论建设。较少

We intensively explored the Moon Pyramid in 1998-2004, uncovering seven overlapping architectural stages and five burial complexes inside the pyramid. We also found in surrounding areas residential structures, ancient obsidian workshop, and a middle-sized pyramidal platform which contained five architectural levels inside. The present funding supported different kinds of analyses and interpretations of a large amount of data and materials obtained during the seven-year fieldwork. The funding also supported publications of the results and creation of the data bank. English volume will be published from the University of the New Mexico Press, and several Spanish volumes with more detailed and much abundant data will be published from the National Institute of Anthropology and History in Mexico.We have also been carrying out a long term mapping survey since 1999 to date to create three-dimensional reconstruction plan of the city's central area. We already completed the survey of the core … More section along the “Avenue of the Dead" from the “Moon Plaza" to the “Citadel" complex, except for certain residential compounds.The obtained information of the enlarged monument is apparently related directly to the issues of the state formation and of the political organization and would particularly reflect the development of the rulership and religious ideology of the state. Sacrificial burials we found, the associated offerings and animals sacrificed, like jaguars, pumas, wolves, eagles, etc., indicate that Teotihuacan was, rather than just a pacific sacred city organized by collective government as many have believed, an expanding state with strong military sectors. Obsidian artifacts including many projectile points, shell objects brought from distant costs, and jade items from Guatemala, suggest economic and political expansion or invasion by the Teotihuacanos; particularly some symbolic ornaments of jades indicates direct connection with Maya dynasties. We also obtained new data concerning varied activities near the monument; all information proceeded with this funding will substantially contribute to our understanding of the Teotihuacan state and theory-construction of ancient civilizations. Less