Development of Time-resolvable and Element-distinguishable Three-dimensional Analytical X-ray Microscope

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X-ray phase contrast and X-ray fluorescence microscopes have been constructed with synchrotron radiation or laser plasma X-rays. Zone plates were mainly used for the X-ray phase contrast microscope and Wolter mirrors for the X-ray fluorescence microscope. Three dimensional X-ray phase contrast and X-ray fluorescence images were reconstructed from multi-directional projection or X-ray fluorescence images. Time-lapse observation of electrolysis of copper sulfate was made with a full-field X-ray fluorescence imaging microscope. Three dimensional element mapping became possible with X-ray fluorescence images. Several specimens such as plant seeds, red blood cells, diatoms and diamonds were three dimensionally observed.