Highly Efficient Density Estimation for Mobile Nodes using Ad Hoc Communication in Ubiquitous Networks

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In this research, we have proposed a cooperative and efficient method to estimate distribution of pedestrians holding mobile devices such as smartphones. The proposed method is highly efficient in terms of communication traffic and computation cost at mobile nodes. Furthermore, we have designed a cooperative localization based on ad hoc communication among nodes in order for estimating positions of nodes even in areas such as underground cities where GPS cannot be used. We have confirmed communication traffic in the density estimation is approximately 34% of a simple approach and the average localization error is 50% of a maximum radio range.