Presynaptic cell-type-dependent regulation of GABAergic synaptic transmission by nitric oxide in rat insular cortex

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Nitric oxide (NO) is a key retrograde messenger that regulates synaptic transmission in the cerebral cortex. We performed multiple whole-cell patch clamp recordings from Layer V neurons in rat insular cortex. SNAP, an NO donor, suppressed uIPSC amplitudes in approximately 40% of the connections, whereas 35% of the connections showed uIPSC facilitation in inhibitory synapses composed of presynaptic fast-spiking (FS)neurons. In contrast, synaptic connections composed of presynaptic non-FS neuron types showed a constant suppression of uIPSCs by SNAP. These results suggest that NO regulation of inhibitory synaptic transmission is dependent on presynaptic cell subtypes and that its effects are partially mediated by presynaptic mechanisms.