Alterity and Disorder in Psychiatry and Literature since the 1970s

20 世纪 70 年代以来精神病学和文学中的变异与紊乱

• 批准号: 454159370
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Cornelius Borck
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Germanistisches Institut
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Units
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/454159370?language=en
• 关键词: Alterity; Disorder; Psychiatry; Literature; since

The project “Alterity and Disorder in Psychiatry and Literature since the 1970s”investigates the mutual exchanges, shared problems, misunderstandings and distortions in the relationship between psychiatry and literature since the 1970s from the perspectives of epistemology, literary studies and history of medicine. This period was marked by a wave of criticism of psychopathological concepts and of the existing classification systems and it led to the introduction of the international, standardized diagnostic manuals in West-Germany, with the subsequent implementation of the concept of disorder, replacing the former category of disease. The project investigates how these epistemic changes communicated both with the self-reflection in the psychiatric discourse and with new ways of representing mental alterity and psychiatric disorders in literature. Since the 1970s, literature did no longer function as preferred place for a counter-discourse on psychiatry and the forms of criticism applied by anti-psychiatry. Instead, literary writing started to explore new strategies for exposing and positioning the alterity of people with psychiatric experiences. At the same time, the international discourse of ethno-psychiatry arrived in West-Germany. The reception of ethno-psychiatric concepts and the first encounters with the ethnography of mental alterity resonated with the ongoing epistemic changes within psychiatry and opened psychiatry – at least partially and in meta-theoretical discussions – to expressions of alterity similar to those explored in the new forms of writing. Our project combines literary studies and history of medicine for a comparative investigation of the exchanges and crossovers between modern literature, psychiatry and the reception of ethno-psychiatry. The project thus examines places where experiences with mental alterity were articulated and reflected upon; it aims at a historical epistemology of a zone of unrest whose characteristic feature was that disease entities had become fragile and doubtful. Based on the analysis of a shared corpus of texts and sources the project aims at a historical epistemology of the shaping and stabilizing of psychiatry knowledge after its connection with disease units has been cut.

“20世纪70年代以来精神病学与文学的异变与紊乱”项目从认识论、文学研究和医学史的角度探讨了20世纪70年代以来精神病学与文学关系的相互交流、共同问题、误解和扭曲。这一时期的特点是对精神病理学概念和现有分类系统的批评浪潮，并导致西德引入国际标准化诊断手册，随后实施了障碍概念，取代了以前的疾病类别。该项目研究了这些认知变化如何与精神病学话语中的自我反思以及文学中表现精神差异和精神疾病的新方式进行沟通。自 20 世纪 70 年代以来，文学不再是反精神病学讨论和反精神病学批评形式的首选场所。相反，文学写作开始探索新的策略来揭露和定位有精神病经历的人的差异性。与此同时，民族精神病学的国际话语到达了西德。民族精神病学概念的接受以及精神异性民族志的首次遭遇与精神病学内部持续的认知变化产生了共鸣，并开启了精神病学——至少部分地在元理论讨论中——对与新写作形式中探索的异性表达类似的异性表达。我们的项目将文学研究和医学史结合起来，对现代文学、精神病学和民族精神病学的接受之间的交流和交叉进行比较研究。因此，该项目研究了那些表达和反思精神差异经历的地方；它的目标是对一个动荡地区的历史认识论，其特征是疾病实体已经变得脆弱和可疑。基于对共享文本和来源的分析，该项目的目标是在精神病学知识与疾病单位的联系被切断后，形成和稳定精神病学知识的历史认识论。