PRODUCTION OF HIGHER POLYPLOID STRAINS FOR AQUACULTURE OF CYPRINIFORMES

用于鲤形目水产养殖的高等多倍体菌株的生产

• 批准号: 09556044
• 负责人: ARAI Katsutoshi
• 金额: $ 4.35万
• 依托单位: HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY (1999-2000)Hiroshima University (1997-1998)
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B).
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1997 至 2000
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09556044/
• 关键词: Polyploid; Cypriniforms; Aquaculture race; Loach; Crucian carp; Gynogenesis; Breeding; Chromosome manipulation; コイ目(もく); 非還元卵

(1)Induction and performance of hexaploid loaches : Hexaploid (6n) loaches were produced by inhibiting the second polar body release after fertilization of diploid (2n) eggs with 2n sperm of a natural tetraploid (4n) line. Hexaploid loaches generated 3n gametes. Egg sizes of 6n were larger than those of 4n and 2n loaches. Hexaploid, pentaploid (5n), and tetraploid lines were produced by fertilization of eggs of 6n loaches with sperm of 6n, 4n, and 2n loaches, respectively.(2)Performance of tetraploid. triploid, and diploid loaches : In communal rearing condition, 2-year-old triploids (3n=2nx4n) showed better growth than 4n and 2n. However, in three-year-old fishes, tetraploids (4n=4nx4n) were smaller than 3n (=4nx2n) and 2n (2nx2n). Gonadal development of 3n was suppressed. Proportion of head length to body length in 4n was larger than those in 2n and 3n.(3)Performance of hexaploid, pentaploid, and tetraploid loaches : In 1-year-old fish, pentaploids (5n=6nx4n) gave better growth than 6n (6nx6n) and 4n (6nx2n). In communal rearing condition, growth of 3-year-old hexaploid was poor ; about half body weight of 5n and 4n loashes. Hexaploids and pentaploids gave 1 : 1 sex ratio, but tetraploids were all-female. Proportion of head length to body length in 6n was larger than those in 5n and 4n.(4)Unreduced eggs in loaches : Triploid (2nx4n) loaches gave unreduced 3n eggs. First generation of triploid gynogens induced from such eggs also produced 3n eggs, but a small number of aneuploid (1.5n) eggs were observed. DNA fingerprinting revealed that second generation gynogens induced from these unreduced eggs were aclonal, but genetically very similar. Diploid loach which generated unreduced 2n eggs was also found in the wild population(5)Production of tetraploid crucian carp : Tetraploidy was induced in gynogenetic triploid crucian carp by incorporating sperm genome into eggs by means of cold, heat and pressure shock of fertilized eggs.

（1）六倍体泥鳅的诱导和生产性能：利用二倍体（2n）卵与天然四倍体（4n）系的2n精子受精后，通过抑制第二极体的释放，获得六倍体（6n）泥鳅。六倍体泥鳅产生3n配子。6n泥鳅卵的大小大于4n和2n泥鳅。分别用6n、4n和2n泥鳅的精子与6n泥鳅的卵受精，获得六倍体、五倍体（5n）和四倍体品系。（2）四倍体的表现。在群体饲养条件下，2龄三倍体（3n= 2n × 4n）生长优于4n和2n。但在3龄鱼中，四倍体（4n=4nx4n）小于3n（=4nx2n）和2n（2nx2n）。3n性腺发育受到抑制。头长与体长的比值在4龄组大于2龄组和3龄组。（3）六倍体、五倍体和四倍体泥鳅的生长性能：在1龄鱼中，五倍体（5n= 6n × 4n）的生长性能优于6n（6n × 6n）和4n（6n × 2n）。在群体饲养条件下，3龄六倍体生长较差，5n和4n体重减半。六倍体和五倍体的性比为1：1，但四倍体全为雌性。6n的头体长比大于5n和4n。（4）非减数卵：三倍体（2n × 4n）泥鳅产生非减数3n卵。由该卵诱导的第一代三倍体雌核发育卵也产生3n卵，但观察到少量的非整倍体（1.5n）卵。DNA指纹图谱分析表明，这些未减数卵诱导的第二代雌核发育是单克隆的，但遗传上非常相似。（5）四倍体鲫鲤的生产：通过对受精卵进行冷、热、压力冲击，将精子基因组整合到卵子中，诱导雌核发育三倍体鲫鲤产生四倍体。

项目成果

Arai: "Clonal nature of gynogens induced from spontaneous diploid eggs in the loach, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus"Folia Zoologica. (予定). (2000)

Arai：“泥鳅自发二倍体卵诱导的雌性生殖细胞的克隆性质”Folia Zoologica（计划）。

Katsutoshi Arai, Kou Taniura, and Quanqi Zhang.: "Production of second generation progeny of hexaploid loach"Fisheries Science. vol.65. 186-192 (1999)

Katsutoshi Arai，Kou Taniura，和 Quanqi Zhang.：“六倍体泥鳅第二代后代的生产”渔业科学。

間田康史: "雌性発生ギンブナにおける精子核導入による四倍体の作出"水産増殖. 49(1)(印刷中)(2001年3月末発行予定). (2001)

Yasushi Mada：“雌核发育银杏中精子核转移的创建”Fisheries Propagation 49(1)（印刷中）（计划于 2001 年 3 月下旬出版）。

Yasufumi Mada, Makiko Miyagawa, Taiga Hayashi, Tetsuya Umino and Katsutoshi Arai: "Production of tetraploids by induction of sperm nucleus into the eggs of gynogenetic triploid ginbuna Carassius langsdorfii"Suisanzoshoku. vol.49 (in press). (2001)

Yasufumi Mada、Makiko Miyakawa、Taiga Hayashi、Tetsuya Umino 和 Katsutoshi Arai：“通过将精子核诱导到雌核发育三倍体 ginbuna Carassius langsdorfii 卵中来生产四倍体”Suisanzoshoku。

Arai,Katsutoshi: "Clonal nature of gynogens induced from spontaneous diploid eggs in the loach Misgurnsu anguillicaudatus"Folia Zoologica. 49(Suppl.1). 31-36 (2000)

Arai，Katsutoshi：“泥鳅 Misgurnsu anguillicaudatus 自发二倍体卵诱导的雌性激素的克隆性质”Folia Zoologica。