Studies on the mechanism of occurrence and, the influence on breeding performance in mosaic fish and shellfish from the viewpoint of genetic conservation

从遗传保护角度研究花叶鱼贝类发生机制及其对繁殖性能的影响

• 批准号: 13460079
• 负责人: ARAI Katsutoshi
• 金额: $ 8.13万
• 依托单位: Hokkaido University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2001 至 2003
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13460079/
• 关键词: Mosaic; Polyploid; Chromosome manipulation; Breeding; Flow cytometry; Micromanipulation of embryo; Chimera; Fish and Shellfish

1) In masu Salmon embryos, subjected to the treatment with hydrostatic pressure to inhibit the first cleavage, delayed and aberrant cell divisions probably due to the formation of multipolar sindle, fragmentation of chromosomes and other factors were observed. The occurrence of inviable mosaic embryos was caused by these abnormalities.2) Masu salmon developed from the treatment for tetraploidization by inhibition of the first cleavage frequently exhibited diploid-tetraploid mosaicisms in various organs and tissues. When diploid-tetraploid salmon had gonads including germ cells originated from tetraploid blastomeres, functional diploid gametes were generated. Mass production of triploid progeny was successfully realized by the cross between normal and mosaic parents.3) Although haploid embryos were inviable in fish, infrequent spontaneous haploid-diploid mosaics often exhibit the recovery of survival potential. The recovery of survival capacity by adding diploid cells to haploid embryos was experimentally confirmed by the production of viable haploid-diploid goldfish chimeras, which were induced by transplantation of blastodisc.4) In wild populations of crucian carp and loach, a few mosaic individuals were found out. Diploid-triploid mosaic loaches were disclosed to generate fertile unreduced diploid sperm, which were genetically identical, i.e. clonal. The occurrence of haploid-diploid, diploid-tetraploid and other mosaics was also observed in aquaculture farm and egg quality was considered as a cause of mosaicism.5) Triploid abalone were induced by inhibition of the second polar body release after fertilization and their ploidy status was studied for two years. Diploid-triploid mosaicism was exclusively detected in epipodial tentacle tissues and ploidy Status was changed from triploid to diploid or vice versa. However, no such alteration was not seen in other tissues.

1)在鲑鱼胚胎中，用静水压力处理以抑制第一次卵裂，观察到可能由于多极纺锤体的形成、染色体断裂和其他因素而导致的延迟和异常细胞分裂。通过抑制第一次卵裂进行四倍化处理后，在不同的器官组织中经常出现二倍体-四倍体嵌合体。当二倍体-四倍体鲑鱼的性腺包括来自四倍体卵裂球的生殖细胞时，产生了功能性二倍体配子。3）虽然鱼类的单倍体胚胎不能存活，但偶尔自发的单倍体-二倍体嵌合体往往能恢复存活潜力。将二倍体细胞加入到单倍体胚胎中，通过胚盘移植诱导产生了存活的单倍体-二倍体金鱼嵌合体，实验证实了二倍体细胞对单倍体胚胎存活能力的恢复。二倍体-三倍体嵌合体泥鳅被公开为产生可育的未减数二倍体精子，其在遗传上是相同的，即克隆的。通过抑制受精后第二极体的释放，诱导出三倍体鲍，并对其倍性状况进行了为期两年的研究。二倍体-三倍体嵌合体仅在上足触手组织中检测到，并且倍性状态从三倍体变为二倍体，反之亦然。然而，在其他组织中未观察到这种变化。

项目成果

山木勝, 荒井克俊: "二倍体-四倍体モザイクアマゴにおける卵のサイズと倍数性"日本水産学会誌. 69. 208-210 (2003)

Masaru Yamaki、Katsutoshi Arai：“二倍体-四倍体嵌合体中的卵大小和倍性”日本水产科学学会杂志 69. 208-210 (2003)。

M.Yamaki, H.Satoh, S.Yamaguchi, K.Arai: "Mosaicisms observed in various organs of the amago salmon Oncorhynchs masou ishikawae developing from eggs treated to inhibit cleavage."Fish Genetics and Breeding Science. Vol.32. 93-101 (2002)

M.Yamaki、H.Satoh、S.Yamaguchi、K.Arai：“在 amago 鲑鱼 Oncorhynchs masou ishikawae 的各个器官中观察到的镶嵌现象，这些器官是从经过抑制卵裂处理的卵发育而来的。”鱼类遗传学和育种科学。

荒井克俊: "魚類における倍数体モザイク-成因と育種への利用"日本水産資源保護協会月報. 465. 5-11 (2004)

Katsutoshi Arai：“鱼类的多倍体嵌合体 - 起源和繁殖用途”日本渔业资源保护协会月报 465. 5-11 (2004)。

山羽悦郎, 村上賢, 武山悟, 森島輝, 大谷哲, 堀江晋, 田中稔, 藤本貴史, 大嶋耕造, 阪尾寿々, 相田貴紀, 荒井克俊: "北海道厚岸町床潭沼のフナ集団に見られた倍数体およびモザイク個体"水産育種. 32・1. 19-26 (2002)

Etsuro Yamaba、Ken Murakami、Satoru Takeyama、Teru Morishima、Satoshi Otani、Susumu Horie、Minoru Tanaka、Takashi Fujimoto、Kozo Oshima、Suzu Sakao、Takanori Aida、Katsutoshi Arai：“在厚岸东古丹沼泽的鲫鱼种群中发现的Funa北海道町。多倍体和嵌合体”渔业育种 32・1（2002 年）。

江口浩崇, 奥村誠一, 荒井克俊, 酒井瑞穂, 永原崇史, 乗松基史, 他2名: "超音波発生装置を用いたエゾアワビ幼生および初期稚貝のフローサイトメトリー標本前処理"水産育種. 33. 35-38 (2003)

Hirotaka Eguchi、Seiichi Okumura、Katsutoshi Arai、Mizuho Sakai、Takashi Nagahara、Motofumi Norimatsu 和另外 2 人：“使用超声波发生器对虾夷鲍鱼幼虫和早期幼鱼进行流式细胞术样品制备”渔业育种 33. 35-38 (2003)。