Studies on the Association between Environmental Change and Vector-Borne Diseases in Tropical Area Using Geographic Information System

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The association between the change of natural and geographical environment and the endemic of mosquito-borne diseases was studied in tropical or sub-tropical area. Malaria in Lombok Island, Indonesia or Guadalcanal Island, the Solomon Islands and dengue fever in Surabaya, Indonesia were subject to this study in order to predict the trends of infectious diseases transmitted by a mosquito. The final goal of this study was designed to develop sustainable and appropriate control measures applying geographical information system (GIS)tool.1) A landscape approach using Remote Sensing satellite data and Geographic Information System functions was developed to identify environmental parameters. The volume of surface water, site distance from coast, and seasonal variation of whether rainy season or dry season were considered as environmental parametersfor determining larval Anopheles subpictus densities. Generalized Linear Model with exponential distribution was developed to estimate the distri … More bution of An. subpictus larval densities, and the predictions of larval densities adopted in the model were matched with the observed data.2) GIS tools were tried to apply to malaria control in Guadalcanal Island, the Solomon Islands. The National Malaria Control Programme (MCP) with a tactics of distribution of impregnated bed-net and management of patients was reorganized in 1992. The highest epidemic was in peak in 1992, and fell steadily by 1998 due to the MCP operation. Since the end of 1998, tension has increased on Guadalcanal, as ethnic hatred between the aboriginal population and the Malaitah settlers has flared into several rebellions. The MCP was forced to suspend activities on Guadalcanal in March 1999. Honiara, the capital of the Solomon Islands with an influx of population displaced from Guadalcanal, has seriously disrupted the health care system including malaria control. Our research team was also forced to suspend any field research activities until the end of 2000 without completion of its initial research plan.3) Dengue fever/ dengue hemorrhagic fever is the most important public health problems in Surabaya, Indonesia. About 9,000 cases of DF patients were recorded in the last 5 years in Surabaya. GIS was applies to integrate patient record with spatial and temporal parameters, and seasonal variation, morbidity rate and clustering analysis was tested. This study was designed to provide data for policy making to Surabaya municipal service.4) In addition, field data on malaria, dengue fever and intestinal parasite were collected through collaboration study with counterpart institute or university in Thailand and China. Less