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Changes in the Casting Technique of Bronze Mirrors in the Ancient East Asia

古代东亚铜镜铸造技术的变迁

基本信息

批准号：
09490037
负责人：
MIFUNE Haruhisa
金额：
$ 3.78万
依托单位：
TAKAOKA NATIONAL COLLEGE
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B).
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09490037/
关键词：
Fumikaeshi mirrosrs, a series of mirrors cast by the use of molds made out of a single master mirror.Molds for mirrors Authenticity judgment by thermoluminescence technique Specific Gravity of molds Warp Tempering Casting experiments 表面処理技術

项目摘要

Fumikaeshi mirrors are a series of mirrors cast by the use of molds repeatedly made out of a single master mirror. It has generally been indicated that these molds may shrink 20/1000, or 7 to 15/1000 smaller than the master mirror. However, in our experiments the contractibility was only between 0.5/1000 and 4/1000.Thermoluminescence technique was applied to judge the authenticity of the molds of the Warring States Mirrors stored in institutions in Japan. This study has helped uncover more hands-on aspects of the ancient mold-making technique. The three pieces of the molds of the Former Han Mirrors available in Japan are all thick but very lightweight. Specific gravity of the two is 0.9 and 0.95 respectively, making it possible for these molds to float in water. The specific gravity of conventional mane ceramic clay molds is approximately 1.6, which suggests that the materials used for the Former Han mirror molds are unique. According to the recent report published in China, the metallographic study of the mirrors has shown that many of their surfaces were heat-treated (tempered). We have set up a hypothesis that a time lag occurs between the flat side and the projected decorative side of a mirror during contraction as it rapidly cools down, which makes the flat side contract towards the projected side resulting in a convex profile. In our experiments, forty flat mirrors were cast and tempered. An acceptable condition was achieved to reproduce convex mirrors with warp similar to the excavated mirror, however, several issues remain outstanding such as over-warping and unevenness. Other findings in property changes include that depending on how it is tempered, high-tin content bronze becomes harder to break but easier to scrape, and its color turns silver-white.

Fumikaeshi镜子是一系列的镜子，通过使用模具反复制作出一个单一的主镜。通常已经指出，这些模具可以比主镜收缩20/1000或7至15/1000。但在我们的实验中，收缩率仅在0.5/1000 ~ 4/1000之间。本文应用热释光技术对日本机构保存的战国镜模具进行了真伪鉴定。这项研究有助于揭示古代模具制作技术的更多实践方面。在日本的三块前汉镜模具都很厚，但很轻。两者的比重分别为0.9和0.95，使这些模具能够漂浮在水中。传统的马内陶泥模比重约为1.6，这表明前汉镜模所用的材料是独特的。根据中国最近发表的报告，对镜子的金相研究表明，它们的许多表面都经过了热处理（回火）。我们已经建立了一个假设，即在收缩期间，当镜子快速冷却时，在镜子的平坦侧和投影装饰侧之间发生时滞，这使得平坦侧朝向投影侧收缩，从而导致凸形轮廓。在我们的实验中，铸造了40面平面镜并进行了回火。一个可接受的条件下，实现了与挖掘镜类似的翘曲再现凸面镜，然而，几个问题仍然突出，如过度翘曲和不均匀。其他性质变化的发现包括，取决于它是如何回火的，高锡含量的青铜变得更难打破，但更容易刮，它的颜色变成银白色。